REPOET ON THE BONES OE THE HUMAN SKELETON. 
105 
inches obtained by Dr. Brander 1 from the measurement of fourteen men, though M. de 
Quatrefages 2 places the height of the males of this race at 1436 mm., or 4 feet inches. 
In one of the Sandwich Island women from Oahu the maximum length of the shaft 
of the limb was only 712 mm., but in the other it reached 779 mm., giving a computed 
stature in the one case of 1424 mm., or 4 feet 8 inches, and in the other 1558 mm., or 5 
feet 1^ inch. In the Bushman the maximum shaft was 744 mm., and the computed stature 
was 1488 mm., or 4 feet 10^ inches, which is higher by 147 mm. than the mean stature of 
the race as given in the Table of the Anthropometric Committee above referred to. 
The computed stature of the Otago Maori was 1700 mm., of the Malay 1616 mm., of the 
male Esquimaux 1606 mm.; the Malay approximated to the mean of the race as given 
by the Anthropometric Committee, but the Maori and Esquimaux were both appreciably 
below the average stated in their Table VI. 
From the data provided in my Table XIII. the proportionate length of the leg to the 
thigh in the same limb may be calculated. On the assumption that the length of the 
femur =100, the proportionate length of the tibia may be obtained by the formula 
ti bial len gth x 100 ^ p roc [ U( q j s the tibio-femoral index. 
femoral length 
To begin with, I shall refer to the results obtained by Professors Humphry, 
Flower, and M. Topinard from the measurements of these bones in Europeans. Humphry 
measured twenty-five European skeletons, and obtained 17 '8 8 inches as the mean length 
of the femur and 14‘4 inches as the mean length of the tibia; the mean tibio-femoral 
index of these specimens was 80 '5. Flower states that the average tibio-femoral index 
of fourteen Europeans measured by himself was 82T. Topinard gives the mean of 
fifty -five European men as 8 IT, and a second series of ten skeletons as 80 *4 ; whilst the 
mean of seventeen European women was 80 ‘8. The difference between the results 
obtained by these anatomists is doubtless due to Professor Flower including the 
spine of the tibia in the length of that bone, which necessarily increases the value of 
the index, whilst M. Topinard omits the spine from his measurements. 
In computing the tibio-femoral index in my specimens, I have made the calculation 
from the longer of the two limbs, the measurements of which are given in Table XIII., 
but in addition I have obtained this index in the skeleton of the Malay, the Te Arolia 
Maori, an Andaman Islander, a Negro and a Negress, in which one limb only was perfect. 
In my series of six male Australians the tibio-femoral index ranged from 81 in the 
Manly Cove to 84’9 in the Swan Hill skeleton, and the mean of the series was 82'96 ; 
whilst in the only female skeleton this index was 80. The mean index of eleven 
Australians measured by Flower was 84‘9 ; the mean of three Australians recorded by 
Topinard was 82 T ; that of four Australians measured by Spengel 83-2; the index of 
1 Proc. Roy. Soc. Edin., p. 415, Session 1879-80. 
2 Etude sur les Mincopies, in Revue d’ Anthropologie, t. i. p. 53, 18i2. 
(ZOOL. CHALL. EXP. — PART XLVII. — 1886 .) 
Aaa 14 
