REPORT ON THE BONES OF THE HUMAN SKELETON. 
Ill 
From Broca s measurements of fourteen Europeans, the femoro-humeral index was 
72'2, and from Flower’s measurements of eleven Europeans 7 2 ’ 9 . 
In my six male Australians this index varied from 70 '5 to 73 , and the mean was 
7 1'4, in the single female it was 71. In one Oahuan this index was 68 - 3, in the other 
/2, the mean being 70. In one Maori this index was 72A, in the other 71 ‘5, the mean 
being 72. 
In my Bush skeleton this index was only 6 8 ‘5. I have calculated the index in 
Fritsch’s Bushman, and find it also 68, but in his Bushwoman it was 73; whilst the 
mean of the three specimens measured by Humphry was 72. The mean of these six 
Bush skeletons was 70 '3. In Fritsch’s Hottentot woman this index was 72 ; and in his 
four male Kaffirs it ranged from 68 '6 to 72’6, with a mean of 70'6. 
The mean femoro-humeral index of my five Negro skeletons was 71 ‘6, and from 
Professor Humphry’s measurements of his twenty-five Negros the mean in them was 
71 '2, but the mean of the sixteen specimens, ten Negros and six Negresses, measured by 
M. Broca, was only 68 '9. The mean index in my three Andaman Islanders was 70’4, 
and in Professor Flower’s twenty-five skeletons it was 69*8, being 70'3 for the males 
and 69 *2 for the females. 
The mean index in my three Hindoos was 70'5. In my male Sikh the index was 71, 
and from Barnard Davis’s measurements the index in his specimen was 66 A. In my 
Chinese this index was 71 ‘8, and in the Chinese skeleton measured by Spengel it was 
68 '8. In my Malay the index was 6 8 '2, and in each of Barnard Davis’s Javanese it 
was 6 9 '9. In Garson’s Kubu skeleton this index was 7 5 ' 2 . 
The mean femoro-humeral index in the two Esquimaux skeletons was 7 7 '7, and in 
the two Lapps 7 5 ‘ 4 . 
It is clear therefore that differences exist in the relative lengths of the humerus and 
femur in the different races of men. If we take 72 A as the mean index in Europeans, 
then it is obvious that in the black races the mean index falls below that figure, and 
that in them, therefore, the humerus is shorter in relation to the femur than in Europeans. 
So far as one can judge from the few specimens of Mongolians, Malays, and natives of 
India which have been measured, a similar proportion would also appear to prevail in 
them. On the other hand, in the Esquimaux and Lapps the femoro-humeral index is 
remarkably high, so that the humerus in them is long in relation to the femur. 
I may now refer to the radio-humeral, tibio-femoral, femoro-humeral, and inter- 
membral indices obtained by the measurements of the bones of the shafts of the limbs in 
the Anthropoid apes. 
The radio-humeral index in three chimpanzees, which I have measured, ranged from 
92 to 95, and the mean was 94. From four chimpanzees measured by Professor 
Humphry, I have calculated a mean index 90. In a single adult orang skeleton in the 
Anatomical Museum of the University this index was 97'8, the mean of the two 
