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THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. 
may be the Melanesians, the average length of the sacrum is greater than its average 
breadth, and the bone is dolichohieric. 
The lumbar curve of the spinal column, as determined by the depth of the bodies of 
the vertebrae, and without taking into consideration the influence exercised by the 
intervertebral discs, is concave forwards in the black races. The clavicle, at least in the 
Negros, may possibly be longer in proportion to the humerus than in Europeans. The 
scapular index in Negros, Andaman Islanders, and Melanesians, is apparently materially 
higher than in Europeans, which shows that the breadth is proportionally greater than 
the length ; in the Bush and Australians, it approximates to the Europeans, and in the 
Tasmanians it may have been distinctly lower. The radius is longer in relation to the 
humerus than in Europeans, and whilst the index in the Andaman Islanders and other 
Negritos is dolichokerkic, in the Australians, Tasmanians, Kaffirs, and Negros it is 
mesatikerkic. The tibia in the black races is long in relation to the femur and the index 
is dolichoknemic. The humerus in the black races is short in relation to the length of 
the femur and the femoro-humeral index is low ; similarly the shaft of the upper limb in 
them is proportionally shorter than the shaft of the lower limb, and the intermembral 
index is relatively low. The cranium is dolichocephalic and prognathous in Australians, 
Negros and Melanesians, dolichocephalic and perhaps mesognathous in Kaffirs, mesati- 
cephalic and prognathous in Tasmanians, mesaticephalic and orthognathous in the Bush 
race. 
Our information on the skeletal characters of the yellow races is, unfortunately, scanty. 
In the Chinese the pelvis would appear to have the transverse diameter of the brim con- 
siderably in excess of the conjugate, and the brim index, therefore, platypellic ; but the 
relative length and breadth of the sacrum is still doubtful. The lumbar curve, estimated 
from the vertical diameter of the vertebral bodies, is in all probability kurtorachic. The 
scapular index is probably about the same as in Europeans. The radius is longer in 
relation to the humerus than in Europeans, it is mesatikerkic. The proportionate length 
of the tibia and femur is more like that of the white than of the black races, so that 
it is brachyknemic. The humerus is possibly shorter in relation to the femur than in 
Europeans, and a similar relation may prevail in regard to the shaft of the upper limb 
as compared with that of the lower. The skull of the Chinese belonging to the skeleton 
described in this Report was brachycephalic, C.I. 81 ' 7 ; metriocephalic, Y.I. 73 *7 ; 
orthognathous, G.I. 96*8 ; leptorhine, N.I. 47; megaseme, O.I. 89 *5 ; brachyuranic, 
r.M.I. 128. 
In the Malays the conjugate diameter of the pelvic brim is, for the male sex, in all 
probability either greater than, or about equal to the transverse, and the brim index is 
dolichopellic ; the sacrum is longer than broad and the bone is dolichohieric. The 
vertical diameter of the bodies of the lumbar vertebrae may possibly be greater collectively 
anteriorly than posteriorly. The scapular index is higher than in Europeans. Possibly 
