REPORT ON THE HOLOTHURIOIDEA. 
223 
The tables bear the closest resemblance to those of Holotliuria surinamensis, Holo- 
thuria Jlavo-maculata, and Holotliuria fusco-coerulea. Hence, I am almost 
convinced that even here the spinous end of the tables is turned upwards 
in the living animal; and if so, the species cannot, of course, be placed 
in this group. 
Holothuria jpoli, Delle Chiaje, 1823, 1841; Selenka, 1867 ; von Marenzeller, 1874. 
Holothuria tuhulosa, Blainville, 1834. Holothuria tuhulosa, var. poU, Lamarck, 
1840. Sporadipiis stellati, Grube, 1840. Holothuria stellati, Sars, 1857. 
Holothuria glahixi. Semper, 1868. 
HoMtat . — Mediterranean Sea (Grube, Sars, Selenka, von Marenzeller, Ludwig, Graeffe), 
Canary Islands (Ludwig), west coast of France (Barrois). 
In spite of the very valuable contributions to the knowledge of the Mediterranean 
Holothurians, by Sars, Ludwig, and, above all, by von Marenzeller, several 
forms seem to be incompletely described, and among these is the species in 
question. I have not succeeded in accurately understanding the shape of the 
tables, the size of the dorsal ambulacral appendages, &c. In the Zoological State 
Museum at Stockholm are several forms, dredged at Naples, Salerno or Amalfi, 
Cagliari, and finally “two types” from Lesina and Pola, kindly placed at my disposal 
by von Marenzeller. The largest specimen was obtained at Naples, and has a length 
of 175 mm. Its colour is blackish -brown inclining to violet, with the ends of 
the dorsal and ventral ambulacral appendages whitish. The ventral appendages, 
considerably more crowded than the dorsal, are true cylindrical pedicels with a 
large sucking-disk and a well developed terminal plate surrounded by irregularly 
perforated rods and bilateral, elongate perforated plates. The dorsal appendages 
appear to be of two kinds ; true pedicels resembling the ventral but smaller ; and 
more scattered conical papillse seemingly situated on the top of low elevations. 
These papillse have a very rudimentary terminal plate and numerous curved 
rods. The tables are comparatively rare and undeveloped, consisting of a small 
spinous or angular disk, and a small generally incomplete spire. The buttons are 
much crowded, thick and nearly smooth or with slightly uneven surfaces, but are 
never provided with spines or knobs ; they vary greatly, some being small, nearly 
circular, with but four holes, others being more or less elongate, with as many as 
eight or ten holes. Sometimes the buttons are even entirely devoid of holes. 
A single Polian vesicle and madreporic canal are present. The numerous small 
specimens dredged at Cagliari differ from the above description by their brown 
colour as well as by the buttons being more irregularly formed, and not unfre- 
quently furnished with some low knobs, so that they may possibly be referable 
to another species. 
