232 
THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. 
3. Buttons — smooth ones in company ivith knobbed. 
Holothuria bowensis, Ludwig, 1875. 
Ventral surface with pedicels ; dorsal surface with papillae. The tables have a weU 
developed, smooth, symmetrical disk, perforated with a central hole surrounded 
by a s im ple or double circle of peripheral ones, and a slender spire made up of 
four rods and four or five transverse beams ; the spire is spinous not only at the 
top, but also in its neighbourhood. The buttons ' are partly smooth elongate, 
with three to seven pairs of holes, partly smaller oval with three pairs of holes 
and some knobs on the middle beam. 
Habitat. — Bowen (Ludwig). 
4. Buttons either partly or altogether transformed into fenestrated hollow eggs. 
Holothuria coluber, Semper, 1868. 
Dorsal surface with papillae ; ventral surface with pedicels. The tables like those in 
Holothuria martensU, thus having a long spire of four rods and three to five 
transverse beams. Buttons partly regularly formed, partly transformed into 
hollow fenestrated eggs. 
Habitat. — Philippine Islands (Semper). 
According to Semper, the tables are like those in Holothuria martensU, but, judging 
from the figures given by the same author, their disks are not smooth on the 
margin but uneven, dentate, or spinous. The meaning of “ regularly formed 
buttons ” is not clear, as it leaves undecided the smooth or knobbed character 
of the buttons. 
Holothuria chilensis, Semper, 1868. 
Pedicels aU over the body. The disks of the tables have a slightly uneven margin, 
‘ and the spire, built up of four rods and one transverse beam, terminates in 
about twelve teeth. The buttons are often transformed into hollow fene- 
strated eggs. 
Habitat. — Chili (Semper). 
Even here the description of Semper is not entirely satisfactory with regard to the 
buttons, whether they are smooth or not. In the explanation of the plates he 
speaks of “ rosettes,” which are not mentioned in the text. 
Holothuria kubaryi, Ludwig, 1868. 
Pedicels all over the body. Deposits like those in Holothuria coluber. 
Habitat. — Pelew Islands (Ludwig). 
