6 
CURRANS’ UST OF FRUITS, 1909.10. 
Principal Washes used as Sprays against Insects & Mites — contd. 
P> epara'.ion . — Dissolve both together in the water, and well stir, and 
then add 1 lb. of treacle. This insecticide may be obtained as a paste, 
called Swift’s Arsenate of Lead Paste. 
Uses .— It destroys all biting insects, such as caterpillars and beetles ; 
especially beneficial against Winter moths, codling moth, lackey moth, 
currant moth, gooseberry and nut sawflies, slugworm, &c. 
This wash may be mixed with Bordeaux mixture or paraffin. 
Time of Application . — The first spraying should take place as soon as 
the buds show signs of bursting, and again as soon as the blossom has 
fallen. Now and again a third spraying may be necessary, to kill gold- 
tail and vapourer moth, caterpillars, &c. It should be used as a fine spray, 
and the spraying should cease as soon as the leaves are seen to be dripping. 
B. Paris Green. 
Formula — (1) Powder 
Paris Green Powder 1 oz. 
Water 10 gallons. 
(2) Blundell’s Paste (copper oxide 31 per 
cent. , arsenic trioxide 59 per cent. , 
acetic 10 per cent.) 
Blundell’s Paste I oz. 
Water 10 gallons. 
Preparation . — Mix either powder or paste with the water, and keep in 
constant movement, to prevent the Paris green sinking to the bottom of 
the water. 
Uses . — For destroying all biting insects, such as caterpillars and beetles. 
Time of Application . — The same as for Arsenate of Lead. It is neces 
sary that that this wash should be put on a very fine spray, owing to the 
scorching effect it has on foliage. It must never be used when the trees 
are in blossom. 
Notes on Arsenical Washes.— Of the two mentioned, there is no doubt 
that Arsenate of Lead is best to use, because it is more easily mixed and 
holds in suspension longer than Paris Green, &c., and the burning of the 
foliage is almost entirely absent if properly mixed ; it has also more ad- 
hesive properties. The paste form, known as Swift’s Paste, has been found 
satisfactory in many parts of the world, and is best to use, unless great 
care is taken in making the home-made wash. Fruit trees should not be 
sprayed with the arsenical washes when in flower, as the bees are so 
readily poisoned, and they should not be sprayed for at least four weeks 
before the fruit is gathered. This is a point to be remembered when 
gooseberries and currants are growing beneath apple and plum. 
These Arsenical washes should be put on in as fine a spray as possible. 
Animals may be kept in the grass orchards when the trees are sprayed, 
as long as they cannot get at the actual wash. All receptacles in which 
the spray has been mixed should be cleaned and kept away from the stock. 
We must remember that these washes, especially when concentrated, 
are deadly poisons. 
Arsenate of Lead is usually used in conjunction with Bordeaux mix- 
ture, and it also emulsifies paraffin, so that we can combine a fungicide 
and an insecticide for mandibulate and haustellate insects in one. 
