CLIBRANS’ LIST OF FRUITS, 1909-10. 
7 
PARAFFIN SOAP EMULSIONS, OR CONTACT 
WASHES FOR HAUSTELLATE (Scale) INSECTS. 
PARAFFIN EMULSIONS. 
For Winter application, these washes may be used very strong, but for 
Summer use they must be much diluted. 
Except in bad attacks oi scale insects they cannot be recommended 
as Summer washes, nor can paraffin in any form. In Spring, paraffin 
emulsion may be used for red spider on gooseberries in the form given 
under Paraffin Jelly, but paraffin is always best applied before the leaves 
are showing, as even the finest oils do harm to vegetation. 
Through the work of Mr. Spencer Pickering, we now know more 
of these matters, and growers will do well to use the oil recommended by 
him, known as Solar Distillate. 
The usual form of paraffin emulsion is soap emulsion, but Mr. Picker- 
ing has recently shown that metal emulsions are superior as emulsions. 
Probably, for scale insects, the metal emulsions will soon supersede the 
soap emulsions, but for aphides they are not likely to do so, as the soap is. 
the most active killing agent, and is alone sufficient to destroy them. 
SOAP EMULSIONS. 
The emulsions I have used have been the following : — 
For Winter use only. 
Formula — (1) Paraffin (Tea Rose) 10 gallons, 
Soft Soap 15 lbs. 
Water 100 gallons. 
For Summer use. 
(2) Paraffin 3 gallons. 
Soft Soap 12 lbs. 
Water ioo gallons. 
Preparation . — The soap is dissolved in boiling water, and when still very- 
hot (better still just boiling), the paraffin is added, and the whole churned 
by means of a force-pump into a creamy mass. About 10 gallons of water 
are sufficient to do this, and then the remaining water is added gradually. 
The Solar Distillate Oil is undoubtedly the best to use, but excellent 
results have been obtained with Tea Rose. 
Uses . — For the destruction of mussel scale eggs in the Winter, oyster 
shell bark louse, and brown currant scale. 
PARAFFIN JELLY. 
Formula — Paraffin 5 gallons. 
Soft Soap S lbs. 
Preparation . — Boil the soft soap and the paraffin together, and when 
boiling add 1 pint of cold water and stir well. This becomes a jelly on 
cooling ; add 10 lbs. of this jelly to every 40 gallons of water. 
Uses. —For the destruction of red spider on gooseberry, and for killing 
brown scale on gooseberry and currant. 
Time of Application . — In February if only for scale; in March if for 
red spider or for both. 
