8 
CLIBRANS’ LIST OF FRUITS, 1909-10. 
Principal Washes used as Sprays against Insects & Mites— contd- 
PARAFFIN METAL EMULSIONS. 
For Summer use. 
De-emulsification never takes place with basic sulphates, as it does 
-with soap. 
Formula— A. Copper Sulphate 10 ozs. 
Lime Water 3 galls. 3 pts. 
Paraffin (Solar distillate) 24 ozs. 
Water 10 gallons. 
Preparation . — Dissolve the copper sulphate in water, and the lime water 
or lime, and then churn in the oil, and bring up to 10 gallons with water. 
or B. Iron Sulphate 10 ozs. 
Lime (as a milk) 5 ozs - 
Paraffin (Solar distillate) 16-24 ozs. 
Water, up to 10 gallons. 
It is necesary here to precipitate the iron, which can be ascertained by 
testing the clear liquid (before the paraffin is added) with potassium fero- 
‘ cyanide ; if a Prussian blue coloration is seen, more lime is required. 
Uses. T he first acts both as a fungicide and insecticide, the second as 
fan insecticide only. Aphides, leaf hoppers, and thrips are destroyed by this 
wash, and, according to Mr. Spknckk PICKERING, caterpillars are also 
killed by it. 
Time of Application .—, Just when the buds are bursting, and again when 
the blossom has fallen. Arsenate of Lead may be mixed with either of 
these washes. Apply as a fine spray. 
QUASSIA AND SOAP WASH. 
Formula — Quassia Chips 1 lb. 
Soft Soap £ lb- 
Water 10 gallons. 
Preparation . — Boil the Quassia chips in water for a couple of hours, 
then dissolve the soap in warm water, if possible, and mix the strained off 
Quassia extract with the soap. Another method of preparation consists of 
boiling the Quassia with half the soap and half the water ; strain off the 
liquid, and boil the residue for one hour with the rest of the soap and water ; 
mix the two decoctions, and make up to 10 gallons of water. 
Uses .— For the destruction of all aphides and psylla. 
Time of Application . — As soon as the aphides hatch from their eggs or 
appear on the plants, if migrants. 
TOBACCO WASH. 
Formula— { 1) Tobacco Powder 3 lb. 
Soft Soap £ lb. 
Water 10 gallons. 
(2) Tobacco Leaf £ lb. 
Soap £ lb- 
Water 10 gallons. 
Preparation . — Infuse the tobacco powder or leaf in water for about six 
hours, then strain off and press the tobacco and infuse again. Add the 
tobacco extract to the dissolved soft soap and water. 
Uses .— An excellent insecticide for aphis, psylla, cuckoo-spit insects, 
leaf hoppers and thrips. It is also, to some extent, a repellant or insecti- 
fuge and for this purpose may be sprayed over unopened or opened blossom, 
with’ the hope that it may prevent egg-laying by pear-midge and apple saw- 
fly. No conclusive results, however, have yet been obtained in this matter. 
