CLI BRANS’ LIST OF FRUITS, 1909-10. 
11 
Brief Notes on Fruit Culture — contd. 
Bushes or Pyramids should be planted 9 or 10 feet apart. Espaukr- 
Trained Trees should be allowed a distance of about 20 feet, especially in 
the case of Apples, Plums, and Pears. Fan-Trained Trees, particularly 
Peaches, Apricots, and Nectarines, also Cherries, should have about 14 or 
15 feet, or even 20 feet. Cordons on fences or walls give about two feet 
space. 
MANURING. 
When land intended to be planted is in a poor infertile condition, it 
is desirable to prepare it, when possible, by growing for a year or two well 
manured crops. Only a moderate amount of manure should be used when 
the trees are planted ; it is far preferable to give a mulching on the surface. 
This tends to keep the temperature and moisture of the soil equable, and 
at the same time induces surface rooting. Never place manure at the 
bottom of the hole when planting— it tends to develop root growth down- 
wards, and this is not desirable. 
Should good farmyard manure be scarce, a good dressing for orchards 
is the following, being varied to suit the conditions of the soils 
In the Autumn (per acre) : 2 cwt. of kainit. 
In early Spring: 2 cwt. superphosphate of lime and 1 cwt. of nitrate 
.of soda, just before the leaves are unfolded. 
PRUNING. 
No hard and fast laws can be laid down as to how pruning should be 
•done. A great deal must be left to individual discretion at the time the 
operation is performed. 
The points at which to aim are — 
(a) To obtain a shapely tree or bush. 
(c) To admit light and air to the branches, in order to induce 
fruitfulness. If the trees are Standard Apples, Plums, Damsons, Pears, 
&c., and have been well grown, and say about three years old, the shoots 
should be cut back to about one-tliird of their length, and older trees of 
four or five years, only about half, thinning out any shoots in the middle 
which cross, to give light and air to the good wood, only allowing such to 
remain which would eventually assist in forming a well balanced tree. 
Older trees than mentioned require less pruning; in fact, little will be 
required. 
Do NOT prune CHERRIES the first year. They are best left alone 
until the second. The first consideration with Standard Trees is to get 
good heads, which should be made the object of a few years, so as to sub- 
sequently become substantial and reliable fruit bearers. It is the common 
