45 
The new views, contained in this paper, are embraced 
under the consideration that the hades, throws, shifts, &c., 
may have been chiefly accomplished by peculiar modes of 
depositing of the sediments, during the contemporaneous 
building of the veins and strata. Such modes are minutely 
described and illustrated by diagrams, which are * requisite 
to convey a clear conception of the processes. 
The contemporaneous building of the veins and strata is 
assumed as commencing from straight fissures on the 
granitic floor, at the bottom of the ocean. Such fissures 
are viewed either as occasioned by real breaches of the 
solidified granite, or as effected partly by interchanges 
between the internal heat and that on the bed of the ocean. 
The heat eliminated from these fissures, and from the fis- 
sure-like vein structures, gives rise to a series of marine 
currents, that control the sedimentary deposits, in such a 
manner, on the sides and on the tops of the building veins, 
as to produce the varied phenomena connected with veins, 
namely, hades, throws, shifts, and bent positions of the 
strata. 
In a brief abstract, like the present, the author’s ideas 
respecting the causes productive of the vein phenomena, 
under question, cannot be satisfactorily shown without the 
aid of diagrams, but the following may suffice. Veins, in 
general, most probably take the directive tendency of their 
hades from, and in agreement with the original fissures from 
which they build. Thus, one building from a fissure, which 
has a north and south course, and which hades over to the 
east at the top, may, in all likelihood, continue hading over 
to the east during its upward construction. While building, 
during the deposition of a shale stratum, the eliminating 
heat will, at the top of the underlying cheek, show much 
force, by driving the loose light particles back, and, conse- 
quently, cause the aggregating mass to form and face back 
from the perpendicular. Should the next be an arenaceous 
deposit, then the sedimentary particles would be heavier, 
so that the power of escaping heat, at the top of the under- 
lying cheek, would not be so effective in forcing them back, 
therefore, the face of the aggregating arenaceous mass would 
