178 
exact amount of infant mortality, and the effect it had on 
the general death-rate of Manchester and several other 
large towns where little or no cotton manufacturing is 
carried on. From the form in which the mortality returns 
are given in the Registrar General’s Reports this could 
readily be done, and selecting the towns of Birmingham, 
Bradford, Dudley, Sheffield, Wolverhampton, Leeds, New- 
castle-upon-Tyne, Nottingham, Stoke-on-Trent, Stourbridge, 
and Leicester for comparison with Manchester ; and taking 
the returns for the seven years 1861-87, I was surprised to 
find that the portion of the total death-rate which was due 
to infant mortality was relatively less in Manchester than 
in any of the other towns. Thus out of every 1,000 deaths 
of males at all ages the number due to infants under 1 year 
of age was : — 
Dudley 
347 
Stourbridge ......... 
298 
Leicester 
341 
Sheffield 
296 
Bradford 
322 
Leeds 
285 
Stoke-on-Trent 
309 
Birmingham 
277 
Nottingham 
307 
Newcastle-upon-Tyne 274 
Wolverhampton. . . . . . 
304 
Manchester 
253 
And including young 
numbers are : — 
children up to 5 years of 
age 
Dudley 
531 
Bradford 
507 
Wolverhampton ... 
526 
Sheffield 
505 
Stourbridge 
518 
Leeds 
485 
Leicester 
517 
Nottingham ......... 
475 
Stoke-on-Trent ...... 
516 
Newcastle-upon-Tyne 471 
Birmingham 
508 
Manchester 
465 
I have also compared Manchester with the five large 
cotton manufacturing towns of Ashton, Bolton, Blackburn, 
Oldham and Preston. The results are - 
