30 
s. s. BUCKMAN, 
(Schwed. Südpolar-Exp. 
Locality: Cockburn Island (13), off Graham Land, Antarctica. 
Formation: Glauconitic Bank. 
Material: One quite small specimen not well preserved. 
Other localities: Boehm’s species is from Kakanui, about 12 km. south of 
Oamaru, South Island, New Zealand. The Oamaru strata are regarded as Oligocène. 
Geological conclusions. 
The species which have been described in the foregoing pages represent all the 
material collected by the Expedition. It is now possible to consider the dates of 
the strata from which these interesting forms were obtained, by noting the times in 
which the same or similar species lived. The table on the next page gives the 
necessary comparison. 
The conclusions to which this Table points are as follow: Locality 13, Cock- 
burn Island,^ Glauconitic Bank, is the oldest stratum; and it yields a Brachiopod 
fauna which corresponds with that found in the Patagonian of South America, the 
Oamaru series of New Zealand, and the Murravian of South Australia. This stratum 
then may with some confidence be regarded as Miocene- Oligocène. The Patagonian 
is according to Ortmann Lower Miocene, and according to WiLCKENS Upper Oli- 
gocène or Lower Miocene; the Oamaru series is placed by HUTTON as Oligocène; 
and the Murravian apparently may be dated as Miocene-Oligocene. It might per- 
haps be safest to date the Glauconitic Bank of Cockburn Island as Miocene, and not 
give it too early a date, for these reasons: The Terebratclla gigantea \v\\\ch.\swtry 
near to Pachymagas antarcticus comes from the Cape Fairweather Beds; those strata 
are said by PiLSBRY (329) to be Pliocene; while Jhering (Tert. Moll. 336) places 
T. gigantens in Tehuelchian, two stages above Patagonian. The species outside the 
southern hemisphere, comparable with those species finding little affinity within it, are 
from the Miocene of Jamaica and the Miocene and Pliocene of Europe. The names 
of two Jamaican species are given, provisionally, to two Antarctic fossils: the 
range is very wide, perhaps too wide to be correct, but the superficial likeness is 
too great, and the paucity of material prevents any other arrangement. 
According to zoological considerations, then, Loc. 13, the Glauconitic Bank, is 
regarded as Miocene-Oligocene, or preferably as Miocene; and the next point for 
determination is the date of Loc. ii, the Seymour Island Younger Beds. In the first 
^ See map, p. 2. 
