110 
ORGANIC DEPENDENCE AND DISEASE 
conspicuous partners, the combination was evidently at the 
control of this active member which established itself on 
the passive member as ease or convenience may have di- 
rected ; but continued such partnerships as established 
habits. 
4. Complicated associations of three or more partners 
became fixed only in secondary faunas and evince prede- 
termined procedures in selection. 
5. In an early secondary fauna, casual or haphazard as- 
sociation which found one creature’s struggle for food 
eased by the alimentary processes of another, led gradually 
to habitual association which eventually became a fixed 
habit and involved entire and lifelong dependence ; created 
a parasitic state ; transmitted this acquired habit from gen- 
eration to generation; compelled modification of form in 
the parasite and unquestionably interfered with the ali- 
mentary functions of the host. This habitude of dependent 
parasitism lasted for millions of years and its culmination 
took place not at the period of the highest development of 
the offending organism but in the decline of the race when 
racial strength was failing; but it did occur at the climax 
of the host-species. There are evidences of a struggle on 
the part of the liost-species to throw off the parasite by the 
erection of structural defenses for the obstructed function. 
The host-species came to a sudden end. 
6. It appears to be evident that the members of the prim- 
itive fauna and flora, that is, of the first assemblage of life, 
were unimpaired by any “perturbation of normal activi- 
ties.” 
7. The first and primitive division through the kingdom 
of life was just within the beginning, when the earthy ma- 
terials breathed upon and infused with that interacting vi- 
bratory force (bion) which we call Life, became in progres- 
sive development in one part free from, and in the other 
part attached to the earth out of which both emerged. Thus 
came the chasm between the free animal and the dependent 
