17 
In the preservation of these holes in loose beach stones, 
and in the edges of out-cropping layers of stone, in the level 
sea stripped scars, and in the limestone boulders of the 
higher plains, the author submitted irrefragable proof that 
the surface of these anciently submarine hills had not been 
touched by iceberg or glacier for some time before or at 
any time after they emerged from the waves. 
He had not been successful in characterising any rock 
surface on the Head pointing as montonne, nor in finding 
the rock which appeared to Mr. Binney, to have “ been scored 
and polished probably by ice,” below the bath house. 
I. — C. Old Land. 
( 9 ) Between tide marks at the western foot of the 
Head some years ago, after the removal of shingle, 
a light blue clay without stones was seen, and 
traces of a vegetable deposit of leaves. At Abergele 
and Colwyn to the east, and under Penmaenbach 
to the west this vegetable bed occurs with roots 
and stems of forest trees. From a cutting near 
Penmaenbach, where a part of the bed appears as 
peat of very modern aspect, had been obtained 
bones and a tooth of an ox, and a large horn of 
red deer. A similar horn was found near Abergele 
when the railway works were in progress. 
II. — Subaerial Deposits. 
( 10 ) On each side of the Head there appears on the rock 
unstratified reddish calcareous clay with more or 
less frequent, larger or smaller, angular fragments 
of the overhanging rocks, not seldom so numerous 
as to form a breccia. Here and there, at consider- 
able elevations both north and south of the hill, 
this bed yields rounded and larger or smaller pebbles 
of greenstone, and other non-calcareous rocks ; and 
not unfrequently pieces of limestone with the 
softly curved surfaces of sea wear. 
