21 
III. — Refuse Heaps and other undisturbed Relics of 
Human Occupations. 
(12) Mr. Bonney’s bed of shells at Gwydfyd pit has been 
mentioned. He had collected Mytilus Ostrea, 
Patella, and Littorina with three valves of a Tapes 
doubtfully identified as pullastra. 
The deposit was entirely within the uppermost 
layer of blackish earthy clay. Mr. Darbishire’s col- 
lections from this spot comprised Tapes decussatus 
(but no pullastra), (in pairs and valves, whole and 
broken, all full grown and some large), Cardium 
edule, Mytilus edulis, Ostrea edulis, Patella vul- 
gata, Littornia littorea, Littorina littoralis, Purpura 
lapillus, and Buccinum undatum ; all species still 
eaten. No bones or implements occurred. The 
deposit is now removed by the enlargement of the 
clay pit. It is undoubtedly human, and probably 
(from its depth), older than the next deposit. 
(13) A very extensive midden or collection of such 
deposits has been exposed in the slope of talus 
below the western inland cliff, where it is itself 
cut by the waves into a low shore cliff, north of 
the site of what is now the house of the Dean of 
Christ Church. It has long been open on the cliff 
section, and for some years also on the slope in a 
cutting there, to an extent of over 30 yards up 
the incline, and 150 at least along it. 
Mr. Bonney has published full observations on 
the cliff sections. Geol. Mag. iv. 343. 
The remains consist of layers or heaps of Mytilus 
edulis, Patella vulgata, Littorina littorea, with some 
oyster shells and Purpura lapillus, and at least 
one heap of Buccinum undatum. At the lower 
edge the heaps lie massed. Higher up the process 
