205 
need not enlarge on the numerous other facts in accordance 
with the foregoing, but may venture to say that those cited 
must be directly met by adducing others to show how sen- 
sible heat is made to come and go otherwise than by the 
changes of heat from one to the other of its states of sensible 
and latent, before the principle of such mutations of heat 
can be superseded by the new theory. To say that “ work 
is done,” when water passes into steam, equal to the heat 
entering the steam, — and, again, that when the steam is 
condensed mechanical force is excited equal to the heat 
re-appearing in the water, — are naked assertions, with no 
shadow of proof to sustain them, for no mechanical force is 
called into action in forming the steam, nor is any such force 
exerted by it in returning to water. So that force has 
nothing to do with those changes, except it be the chemical 
forces, depending on the known relations of heat and water. 
We all know that there is nothing occult in the laws of dy- 
namics, and that all moving forces can be distinctly measured 
and their amount and direction plainly proved, which forbids 
the admission of any mystery in the science of mechanics. 
Now, in the face of these established laws, we find the fol- 
lowing announcement by the able expounders before cited 
of the New Philosophy, viz. — “ When the motion of a body 
is arrested, the motion of the mass is transferred to a motion 
of the molecules — or particles composing it — and this motion 
is heat.” And again, that “Mathematical formulae have 
been deduced from it, and thus a quantity has been found, 
termed the Mechanical equivalent of heat.” That the 
motion of the mass is transferred to the molecules is an 
assumption devoid of any foundation in known facts, for 
we have no means of proving any kind of dynamical action 
