758 
THE VOYAGE OE H.M.S. CHALLENGER. 
Day. ; Gonostoma microdon, Giinth. ; several Annelids, Shrimps, fragments of siliceous 
Spongas, and several living Foraminifera. It is of course probable that the Gonostoma 
and Shrimps did not come from the bottom. 
To the upper surface of a nodule from 3125 fathoms (12 x 8 x 2 inches), the following 
were attached : — Bifaxaria abyssicola, Busk ; Cribrilina monoceros, Busk ; Bugula 
johnstonice, Gray; Phylactella sp. ?; several Annelids, Stephanoscyphus sp., Actinia (X), 
a tubularian Hyclroid, and over the whole surface were many branching tubes of Rhizam- 
mina algceformis, H. B. Brady. 
The remarkable fall in the temperature of the surface water on the 21st June 
(Station 240) has already been referred to, and at the same time there was a marked 
change in the character of the surface fauna. The ship on that day passed through. red 
and white coloured patches of water. The red colour was due to immense numbers of 
Copepods (Calanus propinquus G. S. Brady) and Hyperids, the contents of the tow-nets 
resembling very much those taken in the cold water south of Kerguelen and the Crozets. 
There were also in the tow-nets immense numbers of dead pale white Copepods, a 
species different from the red ones, and the white coloured patches of water appeared 
to be due to the presence of these. There were in the tow-nets many other dead animals 
besides the Copepods, and it seems probable that immense numbers of animals belonging 
to the warm currents had been killed by the streams of cold water flowing southward 
and breaking into the warm waters of the Japan Stream. On the second portion 
of this cruise, between 180° and 156° west on the 38th parallel, where the average 
temperature was 6.5°, the surface fauna was considerably different from what it was 
2 degrees farther to the south. The large tropical Etmodiscus rex, Pyrocystis, Pulvinulina 
menardii, some of the tropical species of Globigerina and other pelagic Foraminifera 
peculiar to the warmer waters, of the ocean were absent. On the other hand, there 
were immense numbers of small Diatoms and of Lepas fascicularis and its larvae. 
For days the ship passed through floating balls of this barnacle, the development of 
which was made the subject of a special study by Dr. v. Willemoes Suhm. 1 The balls 
appeared to be mostly formed by the larvae becoming attached to dead Ianthinas 
and Yelellas, very large numbers of which were found dead floating on the surface, 
apparently killed by the cold water. A Nudibranch, an Aphroditacean, a Cymothoa, 
and Halobates were found attached to or resting on these floating balls of Lepas, 
while very numerous small particles of pumice were taken in the tow-nets, which in 
some instances had animals attached to them. The stomachs of the zooeas of the Lepas 
fascicularis contained many Coccospheres and Bhabdospheres, and minute Diatoms. 
Tow-nets were sent down to 500, 1000, and 2000 fathoms on many occasions in the 
trip between Japan and the Sandwich Islands, with the result that many organisms were 
procured which had not hitherto been noticed in the tow-net gatherings down to 
1 Phil. Trans., part i. pp. 131-154, pis. x.-xv., 1876. 
