APPENDIX E 
niches. However, a variety of technical developments are needed before 
useful vectors are available for these systems. The growth characteristics 
of such hosts indicate that containment problems will be like those for 
E. CO I i K12 hosts. The guidelines urge development of these systems and 
point out that the detailed recommendations made for E. col i K12 systems 
can be used as a guide in determining biological and physical containment 
requirements for these systems when that is required. 
I mp I ementat ion of the Gu i de I i nes . The guidel ines contain a large 
section defining the roles and responsibilities of individuals and institu- 
tions in assuring compliance with required containment levels. The procedures, 
as described, are primarily directed at grantees of the National Institutes 
of Health. Similar procedures are in force for work carried out within the 
NIH laboratories themselves, and for work carried out under contract arrange- 
ments with the NIH. 
The principal investigator is required to assess any potential 
biohazards, to institute appropriate safeguards and procedures, to minimize 
effects of possible accidents by planning, to train and inform all personnel, 
to report any serious or extended illness of a worker or any accidents, and 
all of these must be carried out on a continuing basis. Thus, the primary 
responsibility for conducting experiments according to the gu idel ines is in his 
hands. Further, in applying for grants to carry out experiments with recombinant 
DNA, the investigator must include an estimate of the potential biohazards as 
well as a statement as to the containment procedures that will be used. The 
app I i cat ion must include cert i f i cat ion as to the ex i stence and ava i I ab i I i ty of 
appropriate facilities, procedures, and training. The guidelines indicate 
Appendix E — 21 
