REPORT ON THE DEEP-SEA DEPOSITS. 
181 
the mineral particles were very few and very small for a shore deposit ; the mass of the 
mud was amorphous and clayey matter of a green-blue colour. 
The various dredgings and trawlings were successful with one exception, when the 
line parted and a trawl with 1600 fathoms of line were lost. . The number of animals was 
not large. From 2550 fathoms there were several siliceous Sponges and Annelids, and 
two specimens of Brisinga, along with some Shrimps and a Scopelid Fish [Bathypierois 
longicauda, Gunther) which probably did not come from the bottom. In several trawlings 
in depths between 2000 and 2385 fathoms there were again several siliceous Sponges, a 
Holothurian {Oneirophanta mutabilis, Theel), Hymenaster echinulatus, Sladen, several 
Annelids and Hy droids, together with a few Fish and Crustaceans which probably came 
from intermediate depths. In depths less than 2000 fathoms animals were not much 
more abundant. The best haul was in 1825 fathoms, including the following: — 
Ophiomusium lymani, Wyv. Thomson ; Ophioiholia supplicans, Lyman ; Cystechinus 
wyvillii, A. Agassiz ; and Polystomidium patens, Hertwig. In addition to the animals 
here mentioned there were of course at all the stations many Foraminifera living on the 
bottom — some attached to the nodules, some living in the mud, with either arenaceous 
or calcareous tests. There were many surface animals taken in the tow-nets during 
each day of the cruise, but the number of forms was much less than in the tropical 
waters. 
By far the most interesting result of these trawlings and dredgings was the great 
number and variety of sharks’ teeth, bones of Cetaceans, manganese nodules, volcanic 
lapilli, and zeolitic minerals procured in all the greater depths, especially towards the 
centre of the Pacific, all of which will be referred to in detail in subsequent chapters. 
Valparaiso to the Gulf of Penas. — The deposit at 1375 fathoms, 20 miles to the 
eastward of Juan Fernandez (see Chart 40), was a Globigerina Ooze containing 54 per 
cent, of carbonate of lime, which consisted of the shells of Foraminifera, a few fragments 
of Pteropods, Echinoderms, and Polyzoa. The mineral particles were chiefiy of volcanic 
origin, and among them were very many fragments of palagonite. 
The trawl contained over one hundred deep-sea animals, and fragments of palagonite, 
pumice, and tufa. The trawl appeared to have caught in something at the bottom, for 
the accumulators were stretched to their utmost before it was finally freed. When it 
came to the surface the net was not torn, but the beam was scored and marked with 
streaks of black manganese peroxide. The fragments of tufa in the trawl were coated 
with manganese on one side, and appeared to have been torn away from larger masses, so 
that here as well as at several other stations there were indications that the bed of the 
ocean was uneven, probably from volcanic disturbance. 
At 1450 fathoms, 330 miles westward from Chiloe Island, the deposit was again a 
Globigerina Ooze containing 82 per cent, of carbonate of lime. The mineral particles 
were chiefiy minute fragments of basic volcanic glass and palagonite, and peroxide of 
