REPORT ON THE DEEP-SEA DEPOSITS. 
239 
Green Sands . — In addition to the deposits called Green Muds in the Tables of 
Chapter II. , there are 7 samples which have been called Green Sands. These differ from 
the Green Muds chiefly in being more granular in appearance, owing to the relatively 
small quantity of amorphous matter present in them. They are found usually in shallower 
water than the muds, and in positions where the particles are occasionally at least set in 
motion by the action of waves and currents. All these samples are from depths less than 
900 fathoms, the average depth being 449 fathoms. The average percentage of carbonate 
of lime in these Green Sands is 49 '78 ; — 21 ‘00 per cent, of this derived from pelagic 
Foraminifera, 15 per cent, from bottom-living Foraminifera, and 13 ‘7 8 per cent, from the 
remains of other calcareous organisms — being thus much higher than in the Green Muds. 
The residue is greenish in colour, and makes up 50 ‘2 2 per cent, of the whole deposit. 
The siliceous organisms average 8 per cent., due to the presence of glauconitic casts of 
calcareous organisms, while the mineral particles average 30 per cent., and the fine 
washings 12’22 per cent. The average size of the mineral particles is 0‘2 mm., somewhat 
larger than in the Green Muds. 
The following shows the average composition of the Challenger samples of Green 
Sand : — 
Carbonate of lime, 
Residue, . 
Pelagic Foraminifera, 
21-00 
Bottom-living Foraminifera, 
15-00 
Other organisms, . 
13-78 
Siliceous organisms. 
800 
Minerals, .... 
30-00 
Fine washings, 
12-22 
49-78 
50-22 
10000 
The following analyses are of two of the best examples of a Green Sand and a Green 
Mud met with during the Expedition, the one being from Station 164b, in 410 fathoms, 
off the coast of Australia, the other from Station 141 in 98 fathoms, off the Cape of 
Good Hope : — 
Portion soluble in HCl. 
Portion insoluble 
IN HCl. 
station. 
Depth in 
Fathoms. 
No. 
Loss on 
Ignition. 
SiOa 
AI2O3 
Fe 203 
CaCOj 
CaS 04 
Ca 32 P 04 
MgCOs 
Total. 
SiOa 
AI2O3 
FcaOa 
CaO 
MgO 
Total. 
U1 
98 
66 
9-10 
8-35 
2-30 
4-70 
49-46 
1-07 
tr. 
2-02 
67-90 
21-35 
0-95 
0-35 
0-22 
0-13 
23-00 
164 b 
410 
67 
3-30 
9-28 
2-50 
12-30 
46-36 
0-58 
0-70 
0-57 
72-29 
21-99 
1-58 
0-42 
0-30 
0-12 
24-41 
No. 67 is of material from the dredge. 
In the first place, there is to be noted the relatively high percentage of carbonate of 
