524 
THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. 
Tropnian anchor used as a dredge, 10, 11. 
Truncafulina, 34, 36, 40, 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, 54, 58, 60, 
80, 124. 
„ lohafula, 106, 134, 263. 
■I pygnima, 42, 90, 91, 104, 106, 108, 110, 
112, 116. 
„ tenera, 134. 
Tscherinak, G., 330, 458. 
Tubes of Annelids (see Worm- tubes). 
,, Serptila (see Stri-pula). 
Tubuai Island, 359. 
Tubularian, 354. 
Tufa, 153, 181, 293, 307, 308, 342, 366, 406. 
„ calcareous, xvii, x.x. 
„ i>alagonitic, 307-311, 357. 
„ trachytic, 174. 
„ volcanic, 329, 358, 359, 364. 
Tufaceous andesitic cinders, 313. 
„ rocks, 400. 
Tunicata, 194, 346. 
Tunis, 334. 
Tunny, 269, 358. 
Turner, Sir W., x, 270, 276, 323. 
Turpey, Captain, 294, 295. 
Tu.scany, xx. 
“ Tuscarora,” the, 30, 208, 209, 236, 290, 365, 379, 405. 
Tuncarora belkwipi, 284. 
Twigs, 95, 97, 111. 
Tympanic bones (see Earbones). 
Types of deep-sea deposits, 189-248. 
Tyrrhenian Sea, xiii. 
United States Coast Survey, xxiii, xxvii. 
,, FLsh Commission, 30. 
Upper Tertiary sandstones, 406. 
Uralitc, 319, 326. 
Urinarj' calculi, 367. 
Uvigerina, 34, 36, .5.3, 100, 126, 129, 130, 131, 162. 
„ asperula, 104, 127, 128. 
Valentia, xxiv, xxv. 
“ Valorous,” the, 30. 
Valjairaiso, dejKiHits betw’ccn Gulf of Penas and, 
132-133, 181-182. 
„ <lej>osit8 between Tahiti and, 124-131, 
180-181. 
„ deposits off, 130-131. 
„ rock fragments obtained between Tahiti 
and, 322-323. 
Valve lea<l, 1, 2. 
Vanadium, 377. 
Vasco di Gama, xiv. 
“Vase,” 186. 
“Vase calcaire,” 186. 
“Vase graveleuse,” 186. 
“ Vase sableuse,” 186. 
Vegetable matter, 75, 77, 161, 253, 383. 
,, organisms, 398. 
Vein quartz, 23, 326. 
Venturi, G. B., xviii. 
Vermilia, 264. 
Verneuilina, 50. 
» pygmxay 109. 
Veronese mountains, xix. 
Vertebrae of fish, 86, 112, 267, 268. 
Vesicular basalts, 365, 408. 
„ pumice, 335. 
„ rocks, 407. 
Vesuvius, xxii. 
Vicentin mountains, xix. 
Victoria Barrier, xxi. 
„ Land, xxii. 
Vinci, Leonardo da, xviii. 
Virgin Islands, deposits off, 150. 
Volcanic ashes, xxiv, 195, 196, 294, 299, 312, 
314-318, 358, 359, 363, 405, 408. 
“ Volcanic clay,” 186. 
Volcanic debris, 372, 375, 376, 391, 401, 410. 
„ dust, 292. 
,, flows, 405. 
„ glass, 217, 226, 319, 320, 340, 345, 346, 
347, 357, 360, 412. 
„ „ basic (see Basic volcanic glass). 
„ grit, xxviii. 
„ lapilli, 333, 357, 368. 
„ minerals, 318-320, 340, 369, 373, 383, 403, 
406. 
„ „ distinctive characters of, 319. 
Volcanic Mud, 186, 240-244. 
„ analyses of, 243-244, 450. 
„ area of, 244, 248. 
„ average composition of, 242. 
„ average depth of, 241, 248. 
„ carbonate of lime in, 241. 
„ distribution of, 244. 
,, fine washings in, 242. 
„ mineral particles in, 241. 
,, rate of deposition of, 411. 
,, siliceous organisms in, 241. 
Volcanic particles, vitreous, 25, 32. 
„ pebblc.s, 364. 
,, products, recent, 292-320. 
