PLATE XIII. 
The fi'jures on this plate represent the changes in the composition and appearance of the calcareous deposits 
around the island of Bermuda, at different depths and distsinces from the outer edge of the reef. 
Fig. 1. Section of the mud from 200 fathoms, about a mile from the reef (magniKed 15 diameters), consisting 
])rincipally of fragments of Molluscs, Polyzoa, Corals, calcareous Algae, and bottom-living Poraminifera. 
1. Fragment of Polyzoon. 
2. ,, MilleiK)re(?). 
3. ,, calcareous Alga. 
4. Longitudinal section of Amphistegina cumingii. 
5. Gasteropod shell surrounded with calcareous Alga. 
6. Shell of Echinoderm cemented to other frag- 
ments — Foraminifera, Radiolaria, &c. — by 
deposition of carbonate of lime. 
7. Part section of Textularia barrcitii. 
8. Calcareous Algn. 
9. Calcareous Alga. 
10. Transverse section of Amphistegina cumingii. 
11. Section of Textularia sp. (?). 
12. Longitudinal section of Textularia conica, 
13. Fragment of calcareous Alga. 
14. Conglomeration of deposit showing section of 
Coral. 
16. Longitudinal section of Amphistegina cumingii 
(young). 
16. Fragment of Polyzoon (Lepralia sp.?). 
Fig. 4. Section of the mud from 380 fathoms, about miles from the reef (magnified 50 diameters). The 
fragments are all of much smaller size than in 200 fathoms, although consisting of fragments of 
nearly the same organisms. The shells of Pteropods and pelagic Foraminifera are, however, more 
abundant than in tlie shallower depths. 
1. Fragment of calcareous Alga. 
2. Sponge spicule. 
3. Fragnjent of section of Orhitolites complanala. 
4. Part section of PulvinuUna eanariensis. 
6. Transverse section of Heterostegina depressa. 
6. ,, ,, Patcllina corrugaia. 
7. ,, ,, Planorbulina mediterra- 
nensis. 
8. Longitudinal section of Sagrina cdlumellaris {V). 
9. Fragment of Polyzoon. 
10. ,, shell of PafiaaMh'wa sp. (?). 
11. Calcareous Alga. 
12. Basal portion of Sponge spicule. 
13. Fragment of Pteropod shell. 
14. Transverse section of Discorhina sp. (?). 
15. Fragment of test of Echinoderm. 
16. Longitudinal section of Lingulina carimata (?). 
17. Fragment of test of Echinoderm. 
18. Part section of Sphmroidina dehiscens. 
19. Longitudinal section of Bulimina sp. (?). 
20. Transverse section of Botalia soldanii. 
21. Fragment of Polyzoon. 
22. Botalia sp. (?). 
23. Fragment of calcareous Alga. 
24. Transverse section of Echinoderm spine. 
25. Section of Olohigerina rubra. 
26. Ostracode valve. 
27. Section of Heteropod shell. 
28. ,, Miliolina sp.{?). 
29. Part of test of Lituolid. 
30. Fragment of calcareous Alga. 
31. Longitudinal section of Bulimina sp. (?). 
32. Fragment of calcareous Alga. 
Fig. 2. Section.s representing the appearance of the mud in 950 fathoms, still further (about 5 miles) from 
the reef (upper half magnified 50 diameters, lower half 100 diameters). The particles are much 
smaller in size, while the pelagic shells are more numerous, and the reef fragments less numerous 
than in the shallower depths. 
1. Fragment of calcareous Alga. 
2. Transverse section of Alcyonarian spicule. 
3. Fragment of Polyzoon {Lepralia sp. ?). 
4. Longitudinal section of Bolivina dilatata. 
5. Fragment of calcareous Alga. 
6. Section of Heteropod shell. 
7. ,, Pteropod shell. 
8. ,, fragment of Orbitolites sp. (?). 
9. Olohigerina sp. (?). 
10. Section of Ostracode valve. 
11. Part section of Pitlvinulina micheliniana. 
12. Kadiolarian. 
13. Bulimina sp. {?). 
14. Sponge 8])icu1e. 
15. Pteroj)od shell with Comuspira sp. (?). 
16. Transverse section of Discorbina vilardeboana 
17. 
18 . 
19 . 
20 . 
21 . 
22. Olohigerina bulloides (young). 
23. Ostracode valve. 
24. Olohigerina bulloides. 
25. Basal portion of Echinoderm spine. 
26. Sponge spicule. 
27. Fragment of Mollusc shell. 
28. ,, ,, 
29. Transverse section of Echinoderm spine. 
30. Caleareous Alga. 
31. Fragment of test of Echinoderm. 
32. Fragment of outer edge of transverse section 
of Echinoderm spine. 
33. Fragment of Sj)onge spicule. 
34. Calcareous Alga. 
35. Kadiolarian. 
Sponge spicule. 
,, ,, (Oeodiaf). 
Part section of Orbitolites complanala. 
Fragment of Mollusc shell. 
,, calcareous Alga. 
Basal iK>rtion of S{>onge spicule. 
Part section of Bphteroidina dehiscens. 
M ft 
Longitudinal section of Miliolina sp. (?). 
Alcyonarian spicule. 
(?)• 
36. 
37. 
38. 
39. 
40. 
Fig. 3. .Section representing the appearance of the mud in 1950 fathoms, and still further (about miles) 
from the reef edge (magnified 50 diameters). Here the deposit is chiefly made up of the shells 
of i)clagic Fomminifera, and might be called a Globigerina Ooze. 
1 . Longitudinal section of Gasteropod shell. 
2. Fragment of section of Orbilolilcs camjdanaia. 
3. Ix)ngitudinal section of PulvinuUna eanariensis. 
4. Transverse section of Echinoderm si>ine. 
5. Longitu<liiial section of Bulimina lextilarioidcs. 
6. Orbulina univerm. 
7. lyongitudinal section of Olohigerina inflala. 
8. ,, ,, Spiroloculina sp. (?). 
9. ,, ,, Olohigerina bulloides. 
10. ,, ,, PulvinuUna menardii. 
11. Surface of shell of Orbulina universa, 
12. Olohigerina rubra. 
13. Fragment of SjKinge spicule. 
14. Ka<iiolarian. 
15. Long, section of PulvinuUna micheliniarm. 
16. Transverse section of Botalia sp. (?). 
17. ,, ,, TruncatiUina pygmeea. 
18. Fragment of Pteropod shell. 
19. Longitudinal section of Bulimina sp. (?). 
20. Olohigerina rubra. 
21. Sponge spicule (?). 
22. Longitmlinal section of Bulimina texlila- 
rioidcs (?). 
28. Olohigerina rubra, 
24. Longitudinal section of Echinoderm spine. 
25. Part section of marginal ring of PulvinuUna 
menardii, 
26. Part section of Olohigerina sp. (?). 
