- 802 - 
period. As a result, late-season larval feeding was nuch retarded and the over- 
wintering population generally entered hibernation with low food reserve. In 
this situation if the winter of 1941— 42 proves to he unusually severe, winter 
mortality of larvae is likely to he higher than normal* 
Scouting operations conducted during the adult Japanese beetle season in 
1941 revealed that the following are some of the more important trends and 
developments: The most consistent general dispersal appears to he in the south- 
ern and southwestern parts of the generally infested area, involving southern 
Delaware, northeastern Maryland, and York County, Pa* A fairly rapid dispersal 
is also evident in the extreme northeastern part of the insect* s range, an area 
involving lower New York State and southwestern Connecticut, The most severe 
infestations were found in the northern half of Delaware, northeastern Maryland, 
end. portions of Chester and Lancaster Counties, Pa* Somewhat less severe in- 
festations were noted in the lower half of Westchester County, IT. Y. , while 
locally rather severe infestations appeared at several points in northern New 
Jersey and in northern Nassau County, 'on Long Island, Throughout the most of 
New Jersey, the older infested sections in Pennsylvania, as well as Staten 
Island and New York City and Brooklyn proper,, the infestation v/as less than that 
observed in 1939* Two important secondary centers of dispersal were absorbed 
during the current season, one being the District of Columbia and the area 
immediately surrounding it,, while the second was the New Haven infestation. The 
survey of a number of important secondary centers of infestation situated rela- 
tively close to the a.rea of general infestation revealed the increasing import 
tance of such points as agents of dispersal and as factors in increasing materi- 
ally the area considered generally infested. In 194l the area of general in- 
festation was estimated to occupy approximately 20,600 square miles, an increa.se 
of 4,300 square miles over the 1939 estimate. This area was distributed among 
the several States involved, as follows: Connecticut, 620 square miles; New 
York, 1,722 square miles; New Jersey, 7>431 square miles; Pennsylvania, 6,ll4 
square miles; Maryland,.. 3, 0l6 square miles; Delaware, 1,550 square miles; Vir- 
ginia, 85 square miles, ..and the Dis’trict of Columbia, 62 square miles. Obvious 
injury to the foliage of tall trees, although varying v/idely in intensity and 
extent, 'was evident in roughly half of the area considered as generally infested 
A graphic periodic summary of the general dispersal of -the Japanese beetle 
from the original center of infestation at Riverton, N. J., is shown on the 
accompanying map. With the exception of the period 1925-29, all the intervals 
graphically represented are 3~ycar intervals. An inspection of this map reveals 
very clearly that the dispersal has been more rapid in a general south-southeast 
direction into Delaware, Maryland, and southeastern Pennsylvania, as we 11 as 
northeast into lower New York and we stern Connecticut, than it- has in a general 
northwest direction into Pennsylvania. It is evident that the spread v/as more 
rapid ?„s the general advance encountered the larger river valleys, particularly 
the Susquehanna, the Delaware, and the Hudson. The .extensively traveled high- 
ways extending south of the heavily infested areas also appear to have ployed 
an important part in accelerating the re.te of dispersal in that direction. 
<C. H, '•■Hadley and T. N. Dobbins, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, 
U. S. D. A.)' 1 ’ 
CODLING MOTH, — Winter survival of codling moth was high everywhere except 
in Delaware, where the mortality was approximately twice that ■u&via.lly ix-aorded. 
Emergence of spring— brood moths was considerably in advance of la.st yean and 
