CATTLE GRUBS. — The abundance of the conn.an cattle grub in Texas during 
1941 was approximately normal , as compared with other seasons. In the vicinity 
of San Angelo,* Tex., grubs appeared in the bac£fe*gjf animals as early .as October 
5. In Baylor Counts grub s were found up in anfe^S^n October 29. Reports 
from the northern Panhandle area indicate that the appearance of grubs in the 
lacks of animals was approximately 2 weeks later than in 194-0. In eastern and 
southeastern Texas the season was apparently somewhat later than usual. (E, U, 
Laako, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, U. S. D. A.) 
STABLEFLY, — The first brood of flies emerged from, grass deposits about the 
first of August along Santa Rosa Sound, and there was a sufficient number of 
flics to serve as parent stock for grass deposits throughout the area. By 
August 30 the grass deposits along inner bays, and sounds showed tremendous 
numbers of eggs and in the older deposits other stapes could be found. At this 
tine the flics averaged from 15 to 25 per animal, and as many as 40 to 50 v r ere 
observed on nan in the vicinity of Tyndall Field. Spray work was undertaken or. 
August 27 and' was continued until October 20. During this tine the- general 
average for dog flies throughout the control area was lass than 2 per animal, 
while in untreated areas from 350 to 500 flics were observed on cattle, 
As a result of a hurricane on October 7* tremendous quantities of waiine 
grasses were deposited high above the normal tide-water marks, which bees 
heavily infested and resulted in two outbreaks. From Carrahelle, Fla., east- 
ward to Saint Marks, cattle averaged. 380, pigs 45, and nan 60 flies. The 
second -period of high populations was observed between October 21 and 24, when 
cattle averaged 180, dogs 20, and nan 15 fli.es. The flies breeding in the unus 
ually heavy' grass deposits were dispersed by winds so that the population of 
flies in the control area was increased to as .much. .as 130 for cattle, 15 for 
mail, and IS for dogs in the vicinity of Port Saint Joe, The occurrence of a 
hurricane at this particular time emphasizes the high populations of flies that 
may be expected from tropical disturbances and clearly indicates the need for 
control of breeding places when such storms occur* In November flies began to 
ener--e from peanut litter left in the fields after the peanuts were harvested, 
and the emergence continued throughout December, The mild weather during this 
season of the veer permitted such- a large emergence during the early part of 
the '-inter that the carry-over of immature stages nay be smaller than that of 
last year. Three disea.ses occurred in nil' 3 proportions in northwestern Florida 
which were somewhat correlated with the occurrence of- dog flies. Poliomyelitis 
was most prevalent in the vicinity of Pensacola., where no control work was 
undertaken for the dog fly; sporadic outbreaks of hog cholera occurred at 
different places at inland locations; and encephalomyelitis of horses was pres- 
ent along the salt creeks of northwestern Florida from early in August to the 
middle of December. (U. E. Dove and S. W. Simmons.) 
SALT-MARSH MOSQUITOES.- — At Panama. City, Fla,, and o.thcr locations along ti 
coast in northwestern Florida two spocies of salt-marsh mosquitoes wore abun- 
dant during the year, Aedc s t a.en i 0 rhynchus Vied, appeared in large numbers dui 
ing the latter part of June immediately abater heavy rainfalls were received* 
.and this species continued to bo a pest until the early .part of November. Res ‘ 
dents of the area cannot remember when mosquitoes were as annoying as they were 
during this period. During the latter part of August A* sollic itans Walk, was 
present in lange numbers about salt marshes and was somewhat of~a pest to Tyn- 
dall Field and the residential sections of Panama City, This species was also 
observed as. far as 45 miles from . the coast in the vicinity of cases of encepha- 
lomyelitis, (W, E . Dove, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, U, S. D. . 
