Revised 8-26-94 
1. Blood tests. Drawing blood can cause pain where the needle is put in the 
vein or artery and can cause a bruise or very rarely, damage to the blood 
vessel. Rarely, patients faint after blood drawing. The total amount of blood 
to be drawn during any single part of the study will not exceed 200 ml (less 
than half a pint) . This amount is within the acceptable limits for research 
with humans according to guidelines at The Rockefeller University Hospital. 
2. Arterial blood gas. Unlike routine blood tests, which uses blood drawn from 
veins, blood gas testing requires the use of arterial blood. A small needle 
will be placed into the artery of your forearm to obtain blood needed for 
testing. Because arteries are more sensitive than veins and cannot be seen 
when inserting the needle, arterial blood gas examination is somewhat more 
painful than simple blood testing. As with routine blood tests, there may be 
damage to the wall of the blood vessel, a bruise may result or you may faint. 
3. Within the first year of the protocol, the maximum total radiation exposure 
from the chest X-ray and chest computed tomography scan (a specialized chest 
x-ray) has been judged safe by The Rockefeller University Hospital and the Na- 
tional Institutes of Health institutional guidelines. 
4. Breathing tests. These tests are harmless but may occasionally cause slight 
soreness in the respiratory muscles and chest due to effort. 
5. Collection of urine samples or sputum samples will not require any extra 
discomfort to you. All that is required is that when total daily urine (i.e. 
over a 24 hr period) is to be collected you make as complete a collection as 
possible. Occasionally you will be asked to give a single urine or sputum 
specimen for analysis. 
6. Examination and testing of the nasal passages. This is performed under 
direct observation. A nasal speculum is placed into the nostril. The nose is 
inspected and a small brush may be passed through the speculum and gently 
brushed over the inner surface of the nose to collect specimens for analysis. 
In the nasal epithelium of individuals with CF the electrical charge is more 
negative than in other individuals. To do this an i.v. needle is placed just 
under the skin in the arm and connected to an i.v. of salt water. A small 
volume (one milliliter, about one fifth of a teaspoon) of this salt water will 
be infused through the intravenous catheter underneath the skin. This may 
cause some mild discomfort. A second catheter is constantly rinsed with salt 
solution and medications that will stimulate the movement of salt and water in 
the cells lining the nose is placed on the inner surface of the nose, through 
the nasal speculum to measure the charge there. Both catheters are connected 
to a chart recorder that records the difference in electrical charge between 
the two surfaces. No hazards are anticipated or special precautions required. 
7. Bronchoscopy. Bronchoscopy is uncomfortable but not painful. Your mouth, 
throat and nose will be numbed with lidocaine which is a medicine similar to 
that used by dentists to numb teeth prior to filling or extracting them which 
can be used directly on the airway surface, without being injected by a 
needle. It may have an unpleasant taste. A small intravenous needle will be 
placed into the forearm as part of the preparation and may cause local discom- 
fort. You will receive the drug atropine before the procedure, which may cause 
the sensation of mouth dryness. As a safety precaution you will then be given 
[236] 
Recombinant DNA Research, Volume 20 
