1)2 
THE LARGER FCNGI 
to be very poisonous. In New South Wales another species, s peciosa, also 
poisonous, is occasionally found and may occur in this State; it has a large 
whitish or grey-tinted cap, flesh-coloured or rosy gills, a large volva (cup) at 
the base of the stem and no ring. It is possible for both these species to be 
mistaken for field mushrooms, and their poisonous nature is to be noted. 
96. Volvaria gloiocephala (DC.) Fr. (Gr., glows, sticky; Tiipliale, a head). — 
pileus at first rather globose, then conico-convex and umbonate, finally nearly 
plane with a broad obtuse umbo, up to 3]in. (8 cm.), viscid, when dry shining 
and finely matt at the apex, becoming finely fibrillose outwards, occasionally 
with white patches of the volva remaining, Light Greyish Olive (xlvi.) to Greyish 
Olive to Pale Smoky Grey, sometimes Clove Brown (xl.). Gills close, just 
i-eaching the stem, more than jin. (7 mm.) deep, whitish, then light brownish 
vinaceons. Stem up to 6in. (15 cm.), very slightly tibrously striate, nearly Ain. 
(1 cm.) in diameter in the middle, rather expanded above, base bulbous, solid, 
whitish becoming faintly tinged greyish or brownish, flesh of the pilous watery 
whitish-grey, of°the stem white with whitish-grey at the periphery. Volva ample, 
free, white. Spores elliptical, 13 to 18 x 8 to 10.5 g. Amongst dead herbage 
(thistles, “Salvation Jane”), etc. Reported as very poisonous. South Austra- 
lia— Suburbs of Adelaide, Waterfall Gully, Happy Valley, Encounter Bay. May 
to July. (Figure 17.) 
This species is readily recognised by its large umbonate, viscid greyish olive to 
[•love brown cap, the gills becoming light brownish vinaceons, the long stem, the 
presence of a volva and the absence of a ring. 
“With a ring on the stem. 
ANNULARIA Schulz. 
(L., annularius , pertaining to a signet ring.) 
“I’ileus fleshy, regular. Stem central. Ring large, free or adnate. Gills free. 
Spores pink, globose or oval, smooth, continuous. Cystidia ventricose. Growing 
on the ground or on wood." — Rea. 
No South Australian species recorded. 
*** Without a ring or volva. 
PLUTEUS Fr. 
(L., pinions, a movable pent-house.) 
“Pileus fleshy, regular. Stem central. Gills free from the stem, rounded 
behind. Spores pink, rarely pale yellowish; globose, subglobose or elliptical; 
wall continuous. Cystidia on edge of gills pear-slmped or inflated clavate; on 
the sides of the gills fusiform or bottle-shaped and hooked at the apex. Growing 
on wood, more rarely on the ground." — Rea. 
The species are characterised by the stem being readily separable from the 
pileus and by the absence of both a volva and a ring. They are soft in texture, 
mostly small and grow usually on wood. We have two species, one of which, 
P. ccl'vinus, is rather large for the genus. 
KEY TO THE SPECIES. 
Growing on wood. 
Pileus u]) to B Ain., verona brown t'o warm sepia, 
with minute wart-like elevations. Stem usually 
curved, whitish. Spores quadrangular, 6.5 to 
8 s 5 [i 97. Phil fiis crrimus. 
Pileus up to 1:| in., brown. Stem yellow. Spores 
5 to 6.5 g 98. P. nanus var. lutesccws. 
97. Pluteus cervinus (Schaetl.) Fr. ( 1 , . , rrrviiius, pertaining to deer). — Pileus 
u]i to 3 Jin. (8.7 cm.), convex, gibbous, sometimes with minute wart-like elevations, 
viscid when moist, Verona Brown to Warm Sepia (xxix.). Gills free from the 
stem, moderately close, deep, Sea-shell Pink ( xj Y.) to Pale Pinkish Buft (xxix.). 
Stem up to 2Ain. (6.2 cm.), rather stout, often curved, solid, white with a few 
scattered brownish fibrils. Spores in the slied mass Vinaceons Cinnamon to 
Mikado Brown (xxix.), microscopically rather quadrilateral, pale-tinted, 6.5 to 
