120 
THE LARGER FUNGI 
II. “Pileus smooth, at the first with no eortina, — Rea. 
168. Hebeloma hiemale Bros. (L., hiermlis, of winter). — Pileus 2 t'o 3in. 
(5 to 7.5 cm.), irregular, convex, then nearly plane, not. umbonate, often much 
lobed, edge inturned when young, often upturned when old, viscid when moist, 
often shiny when dry, Say.nl Brown, Tawny Olive, paler than Cinnamon, Light 
Pinkish Cinnamon, Cinnamon Buff (all xxix.), or Light Ochraeeous Buff (xv.) 
in the centre, passing through a stage where the tints appear as if seen through 
a whitish film to Pinkish Buff (Xxix.), Light Buff (xv.), Pale Ochraeeous Buff 
(x'v.), or whitish at the periphery. Gills slightly sinuately adnexed to adnate, 
moderately close, edges finely serrate, pallid then near Pinkish Buff (xxix.), pale 
Snuff Brown (xxix.), Buckthorn Brown (xv.) or near Sayal Brown (xxix.). 
stem 14 to 2-Jin. (11.7 to 6.2 cm.), usually stout, sometimes slender, somewhat 
fibrillose, mealy above, with pith or hollow, white. Without a eortina. Flesh 
watery white. No appreciable taste or smell. Spores microscopically dull brown, 
very oblique, one end finely pointed, granular, 10 to 12. S, occasionally 13 to 
15 x 5.5 to 7 g. Subcaespitosc in large clumps under Finns radiuta Don. 
( P . insignia llougl.) and other species of Finns, English oak, chestnut, and other 
introduced trees. South Australia — Parkside, Glen Osmond, Beaumont, National 
Park, Mount Burr State Forest, Mount Gambier. Victoria — Craigie (near 
Ararat). April to August. 
This is a common species in the National Park and near Adelaide where intro- 
duced trees, especially species of Finns, have been planted. The gills in the 
voting State are very pale and as the cap has a superficial resemblance to some 
forms of edible mushrooms, specimens have been gathered by the inexperienced 
in mistake for the latter. The species closely resembles //. mesophaeinn, from 
which it differs in the complete absence of a partial veil. 
169. Hebeloma lanielliconfertum Clel. (L., lamellae, here the gills; oonferhts, 
crowded). — Pileus up to 3Jin. (8.7 cm.), convex, then expanding to nearly plane 
or upturned, sometimes a little reparnl, fibrillose-mat't, edge inturned when young, 
yellowish-brown. Gills adnate, later leaving a slight sulcus round the stem, close, 
pale yellowish-brown, then yellowish-brown. Stem 2 A in . (6.2 cm.), stout (jin., 
2.2 cm.), nearly equal or a little attenuated in the middle, slightly fibrillose. 
whitish. Flesh white. No signs of a veil. Spores rather narrow, rather pale 
dingy brown, not ferruginous, 9 x 4.5 g. In sand. South Australia — Near 
Ashbourne, May. 
Characterised by the rather large size, stout build, close gills, general dull 
ferruginous brown colour when dry and narrow spores. 
****Gills decurrent or adnato-decurrent by a tooth. 
FLAMMULA Fr. 
(L., flmifnmla, a little flame.) 
“Pileus fleshy, regular, viscid or dry. Stem central, fleshy or fibrous. Gills 
decurrent or adnate with a decurrent tooth. Spores ochraeeous, ferruginous or 
fuscous; elliptical, oblong elliptical, globose or navicular; smooth, punctate or 
verrucosc ; continuous or wit'll a germ-pore. Cystidia present, rarely none. 
Growing on the ground or on wood; solitary, gregarious, fasciculate or 
caespitose. ’ ’ — Rea. 
The species of Flammnla usually grow on or near wood, though some are purely 
terrestrial. The spores are dark brown, rusty brown, or rusty yellow, thus 
distinguishing the species from ILcbchnna in which Kauffman says the spores 
are alutaceous and never ferruginous. The non-membranous inner veil differen- 
tiates them from PholioUi, the fleshy-fibrous stem from Xauoorw and the usual 
habitat on wood from Cortmarius. The pileus is often viscid and tinged yellow, 
olivaceous! or fuscous. Kauffman points out that the gills are not always adnato- 
decurrent but are often adnate or slightly rounded behind and may become 
emarginate in age. The spores may be slightly rough when examined with an 
oil-immersion lens. Cystidia are often abundant. We probably have a dozen 
or more species, the individuals of some of which ( e.g F. calif arnica var. 
winnmnis) are often veiy numerous. 
