138 
THE LARGER FUNGI 
This species is common, often forming dense caespitose masses round the 
bases of old stumps. It can be readily recognised by the yellowish-green edges 
to the cap and the same colour in the gills when young and in the llesli. The 
bitter taste is slight. 
207. Hypholoma sublateritium (Schaeff.) Fr. (L., sub, somewhat; latent ins, 
brick-coloured). — Pileus ljiu. (3.7 cm.), convex, matt, sometimes with a few 
minute, white, twisted groups of fibrils from the veil, edge turned in when young, 
near Tawny (XV.) in the centre to near Oehraeeous Orange (xv.) at the periphery, 
(tills adnate, moderately close, Dull Citrine (XVI.). Stem 2in. (5 cm.), moderately 
stout (1 cm. or more thick ) , attenuated downwards and sometimes upwards as 
well, intensely shaggy-librillose from the veil up to a fairly definite ring, smooth 
above, very hollow, pallid with brownish tints below, citrine above. Flesh 
yellowish, reddish in places in the pilous. Taste slightly bitter. Spores oblique, 
porphyry-coloured, 7.5 x 3.7 y. Densely caespitose at the base of stumps. South 
Australia — Mount lofty. June. 
There is doubt as to the identification of these Australian plants which may 
be merely a colour form of H. fasokuhtrt • The colour of the pileus of British 
plants is given by Rea as “tawny-brick-red,’’ paler round the margin. 
* "Pileus smooth, liygrophnnous, margin appendiculate with the veil. 
208. Hypholoma incertum Peek (L., ince-rtw, uncertain),- — Pileus f to 1 J in. 
(1.8 to 3.2 cm.), irregularly convex becoming plano-convex or nearly plane, mealy 
when young and closed by a fibrillose white veil which ruptures to leave 
appendiculate fragments, Pinkish Buff (xxix.) round the edge, Cinnamon Buff 
to sometimes Clay Colour (x.xix.) in the centre. Gills aduato-adnexed, rather 
close, narrow, pallid 1 recoining greyish then Fuscous (xi.vi.). Stem I Jin. (3.7 cm.), 
moderately slender, equal, fibrillose, apex striate, slightly hollow, white. Flesh 
of pileus and stem white, homogeneous. Spore mass fuscous, spores microscopically 
bronze coloured, 7.5 to 9 x 4.5 to 5 p.. On the ground often near stumps. South 
Australia — Encounter Bay, Adelaide (in a clump of “bamboos” — Spanish reeds). 
May, October. 
Specimens, single or in clusters in a recently cleared field containing old 
stumps at Willunga Hill in May. 1931, had the pileus when moist between Drab 
and Hair Brown (XLVI.), surface matt, somewhat rivulose, edge turned in when 
young with appendiculate remains of the veil; gills adnate, becoming near Benzo 
Brown (xi.vi.) ; stem up to 2in. (5 cm.), slightly fibrillose, sometimes slightly 
mealy above; flesh, of the stem brittle, seeming to differ from that of the pileus. 
with a sharp line of demarcation. 
There seems to be considerable difficulty in distinguishing II. Carubotteanum Fr. 
from H. appendiculatum (Bull.) Fr. Rea (“British Basidiomyeetcs ’ ’) describes 
the former as having the veil white, at length fuscous; apex of the stem striate; 
and the gills violaceous, then fuscous cinnamon, edge at first whitish, rounded- 
adnexed, then separating. 11. a p pa idi.cn la turn has a white, fugacious veil, the 
apex of the stem pruinose and t lie gills white, then flesh-colour, at length fuscous, 
subadnate. Both species are liygrophnnous. 
Kauffman (“The Agaric; iceae of Michigan”) records H. Usoertum Peck., 
which he considers to be the American form of H. Cmuiolkvinm Fr. Peek gave 
the American plant a name because it did not agree with Fries’ description of 
“gills at first violaceous.” Ricken however, Kauffman points out, described 
European plants as having “gills at first white, then sordid-rosy or violaceous.” 
Of H. incertum, Kauffman snvs that' the margin of the pileus is “at first hung 
with loose shreds of the veil, in age often violaceous, lilac towards margin”; 
gills adnate-seceding, at first white, then pale dingy lilac or rosy- brown, finally 
purplish or darker, edge minutely white fimbriate; stem floeculosc or mealy 
above; gregarious, subcucspitose or scattered, on lawns, roadsides, fields, or 
rarely in woods amongst sticks and debris, nearly always around old stumps or 
buried remains of stumps, roots, or decayed wood. A variety sytvestris occurs 
in woods; it is mostly solitary and long-stemmed, occurring amongst decayed 
sticks or leaves and 1ms spores “perhaps slightly longer and slightly variable 
in shape. ’ ’ 
In the Australian plants collected, I have never seen what might be termed 
a flesh-colour’’ in the gills. They are at first whitish and pass through a 
dingy lilac tint to fuscous. It seems best to assign them to H. mcertum Peck, 
with’ the description of which they agree well. 
