34 
THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. 
1855. Carinaria mediterranean Kiister, Conch. Cab. Heteropoda, pi. i. fig. 1 (enlarged copy of 
Blainville). 
1856. „ „ Troschel, Gebiss d. Schneck., vol. i. p. 43, pi. ii. figs. 6-9. 
1856. „ „ Jeffreys, A.nn. and Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. xvii. p. 180. 
1858. „ „ Owen, Ency. Brit., vol. xv. p. 377, fig. 70 (copy of Eydoux and 
Souleyet, reduced). 
1859. ,, cymbium, Chenu, Man. Conch., vol. i. p. 125, figs. 544, 545. 
1860. ., fragilis, Reeve, Init. Conch., ed. 2, vol. ii. p. 43, pi. k. (Animal). 
1860. ,, mediterranea, Krohn, Beitrage Entwick. Pterop. und Heterop., p. 36, pi. ii. 
1865. „ fragilis, Reeve, Conch. Icon., vol. xv. pi. i. figs. la-6. 
1866. „ cristata, Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. iii. p. 303, pi. cclxxix. figs. 2, 3. 
1866. „ cymbium, Keferstein, in Bronn’s Tbierreich, vol. iii. pt. 2, p. 809, fig. 56 ; 
pi. lxviii. figs. 9-11; pi. lxix. figs. 5-7. 
1868. „ mediterranea., Weinkauff, Conch. Mittelm., vol. ii. p. 431. 
1876. „ „ Fol, Arch. d. Zool. Exp6r., vol. v. p. 107, pi. iv. figs. 1-2 
(Development). 
1878. „ „ Kobelt, Illust. Conch., pi. i. fig. 15. 
1880. „ „ Krukenberg, Vergleich. Physiol. Studien, p. 177 (Movement of 
the Foot). 
1883. „ ,, Fischer, Man. Conch, p. 577, fig. 342 (reduced copy of Eydoux 
and Souleyet). 
1883. „ „ (partim), Lankester, Ency. Brit., vol. xvi. p. 654, fig. 50a (from 
Owen). 
1883. „ „ Martens, Weich- und Schaltiere, p. 157 (woodcut). 
1883. ,, fragilis, Tryon, Struct. Syst. Conch., vol. ii. pi. lxxxviii. fig. 99 (copy of 
Blainville). 
Habitat. — Mediterranean. 
This, the commonest of the Carinarise, has been generally known as Carinaria 
mediterranea. It has also been called Carinaria vitrea, Carinaria fragilis, Carinaria 
cymbium, and by two or three other appellations. Who was the first to impose upon it 
the name of Carinaria mediterranea is somewhat uncertain, but as far as I can judge 
the credit rests either with Sowerby or de Blainville. The name Carinaria vitrea certainly 
was not applied to this species by Gmelin, but to the rarer eastern form which I call 
Carinaria, cristata. The term Carinaria fragilis was assigned by authors to this species 
under the supposition that the Carinaria fragilis of Bory de Saint Vincent and the 
Mediterranean species were the same. I have in connection with that species made some 
observations which tend to show that these forms are different. Should, however, it be 
possible to prove them to be identical, the name fragilis should be used, as it has priority 
over any other which has been given to this species. 
Argonauta cymbium of Linne was considered a Carinaria by Lamarck and Cuvier, 
and others mistook it for this species. 
The shell described by Linne 1 under this name has been considered by von Martens 3 
1 Syst. Nat., ed. 12, p. 1161. 
Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1867, vol. xx. p. 103. 
