382 
THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. 
one station, Station 106, as lying near St. Paul’s Island, whUe it is actually over 
300 miles distant from it. 
If it should prove true that as a rule the deep-sea fauna is associated with adjacent 
land, our task in delimiting distributional marine areas will probably become simplified, 
and we shall have to name our provinces less from ocean basins than from adjacent 
coasts, giving these “ maritime rights ” over the adjoining ocean. A study of distribu- 
tional provinces from other and independent points of view confirms this impression. 
The distributional provinces which, with certain modifications, we find best suited 
to express the case of the Tetractinellida, are those given by Dr. Woodward in his 
Manual of the Mollusca, partly founded on the work of Edward Forbes. These are as 
follows : — (1) an Arctic province, which extends in the Atlantic over the coast of the 
British Isles (interdigitating with the Lusitanian area) and for an undefined distance along 
the eastern coast of North America ; in the Pacific at least as far as Vancouver Island 
along the western side of the same continent, and for some distance probably along the 
north Asiatic coast, whence however Tetractinellida have not yet been obtained ; (2) a 
Lusitanian province, which extends from the British Islands southwards as far probably 
as Senegambia, and which includes the Mediterranean ; (3) a Caribhea7i, which includes 
the shores of the Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico, and extends possibly as far as Cape 
St. Roque on the south, and for an undefined distance past Florida on the north ; (4) a 
Brazilian, which extends from Cape St. Roque along the shores of South America for an 
undefined distance — whether it is distinct from the Patagonian as defined by Woodward, 
we have no evidence from the Tetractinellida to show ; (5) a Magellanic province, which 
includes both the Atlantic and Pacific shores of Patagonia ; (6) an Indian Antarctic or 
Kerguelian province, of which Kerguelen is the centre ; (7) a South Australian province, 
which includes the shores of Australia south of latitude 25°, and to which New Zealand 
possibly belongs ; (8) an Afric-Asian, or Indo-Pacific province, which extends from Japan 
southwards as far as latitude 25°, i.e., till it meets the South Australian province, and 
westwards as far as and including the Red Sea, and the eastern coast of Africa as far 
as the northern limit of the South African province ; whether Japan should be included 
in this province or not I do not know, and it is possible a line of subdivision may be 
discovered cutting off the eastern part of the area from the western, and lying somewhere 
near the peninsula of India, though so far as the Tetractinellids are concerned they 
offer but little evidence in favour of such a supposition ; in this Report therefore we shall 
include Japan and the Indo-African coast in the Afric-Asian area ; (9) and last, a South 
African province, which has the Cape of Good Hope for its centre, but the northern 
limits of which are not defined either on the Atlantic side or that of the Indian Ocean. 
The species inhabiting these provinces are given in the following tables — 
1 When a species is common to two or more provinces, its name is followed by one or more capital letters 
within brackets, to indicate the other province or provincess in which it occurs ; thus in the list of Lusitanian species, 
Azorica pfeiffercB is followed by (O.B.P.), which means that it has also been found in the Caribbean, Brazilian, and 
Paciiic areas. 
