86 
Neolithic caves and tombs, scattered throughout the area 
under consideration. The discoveries in the caves of Gib- 
raltar and of the Spanish Mainland prove that a small, long- 
headed race, with delicate features and orthognathic profile 
identical with the Basques who buried their dead in the 
modern cemetery of Guipuscoa ranged throughout the Penin- 
sula, using with indifference caves and chambered tumuli 
for their tombs. And on the same grounds their former 
range through France, Britain, and Ireland, is demonstrated, 
and as far to the east as Belgium. They occupied the whole 
of this region in the Neolithic age, in which they were in- 
vaded and driven to the westward, and broken up into islands 
by the Celts, a fair, tall, broad-headed race. The Basques, 
therefore, have lived in Europe since the Neolithic age, 
history, ethnology, and researches in caves and tombs, offer- 
ing independent and convergent testimony. At the present 
time the Basque blood asserts itself in the physique of cer- 
tain isolated populations, and within the historic period is 
demonstrated to have been more strongly defined, and to 
have occupied larger areas, and lastly in the prehistoric 
period to have formed one continuous race from the 
Pillars of Hercules, as far north as Scotland, and as far to 
the east as Belgium. 
PHYSICAL AND MATHEMATICAL SECTION. 
February 3rd, 1874. 
Alfred Brothers, F.B.A.S., President of the Section, 
in the Chair. 
“ On the Theory of the Tides,” by David Winstanley, Esq. 
According to that theory of the tides which appears to 
have met with something like general acceptance, the waters 
of the ocean are heaped up on opposite sides of the earth 
by those differences of lunar attraction which result from 
