I N Jr 
ink 
21 
scent, bnt also every fee-simple, or fee-tail, 
which a person has by purchase, may be 
said to be an inheritance, because his Heirs 
may inherit it. Lit. s. 9. 
Inheritances are corporeal or incorporeal. 
Corporeal inheritances relate to houses and 
lands which may be touched or handled ; and 
incorporeal hereditaments are rights issuing 
out of, annexed to, or exercised with, corpo- 
real inheritances ; as advowsons, tithes, an- 
nuities, offices, commons, franchises, privi- 
leges, and services. 1 Inst. 4y. 
There are several rules of inheritances of 
lands, according to which estates are trans- 
mitted from ancestor to heir, viz. 1. That in- 
heritances shall lineally descend to the issue 
of the person last actually seized, in infini- 
tum, but shall never lineally ascend. 2. The 
male issue shall be admitted before the fe- 
male. 3. Where there are two or more 
males in equal degree the eldest only shall in- 
herit ; but the females all together. 4. The 
lineal descendants, in infinitum, of any per- 
son deceased shall represent their ancestor ; 
that is, shall stand in the same place as the 
person himself would have done had he been 
living : thus the child, grandchild, or great- 
grandchild (either male or female), of the 
eldest son, succeeds before the younger son, 
and so in infinitum. 5. On failure of issue of 
the person last seized, the Inheritance shall 
descend to the blood of the first purchaser. 
6. The collateral heir of the person last seiz- 
ed must be his next collateral kinsman of the 
whole blood. 7. In collateral inheritances 
the male stocks shall be preferred to the fe- 
male, unless where lands are descended from 
a female: thus the relations on the father’s 
side are admitted in infinitum before those on 
the mother’s side are admitted at all ; and the 
relations of the father’s father before those of 
the father’s mother, and so on. 2 Black, c. 
14 . 
INHIBITION, a writ to inhibit or forbid a 
judge from farther proceedings in the cause 
depending before him. F. N. B. 39- 
INJUNCTION. An injunction is a pro- 
hibitory writ, restraining a person from com- 
mitting or doing a thing which appears to be 
against equity and conscience. 3 Bac. Abr. 
172. 
An injunction is usually granted for the 
purpose of preserving property in dispute 
pending a suit ; as to restrain the defendant 
from proceedings at the common law against 
the plaintiff, or from committing waste, or do- 
ing any injurious act. Milf. Treat. Chan. 
Plead. 
Injunctions issue out of the courts of equity 
in several instances. The most usual injunc- 
tion is to stay proceedings at law; as, if one 
man brings an action at law against another, 
and a v bill is brought to be relieved either 
against a penalty, or to stay proceedings at 
law, or same equitable circumstances, of 
which the party cannot have the benefit at 
law. In such case the plaintiff iu equity may 
mave for an injunction either upon an attach- 
ment, or praying a dedimus, or praying a far- 
ther time to answer; for it being suggested in 
the bill that the suit is against conscience, if 
the defendant is in contempt for not an- 
swering, or prays time to answer, it is contrary 
to conscience to proceed at law in the mean 
time.; and therefore an injunction is granted 
ot course : but this injunction only stays exe- 
cution touching the matter in question ; and 
I N K 
there is always a clause giving liberty to call 
fora plea to proceed to trial, and for want of 
it to obtain judgment ; but execution is stay- 
ed till answer, or farther order. 3 Bac. Abr. 
173. 
When a bill in chancery is filed in the of- 
fice of the six clerks, if an injunction is pray- 
ed therein, it may be had, at various stages 
of the cause, according to the circumstances 
of the case, if the bill is to stay execution 
upon an oppressive judgment, and the de- 
fendant does not put in his answer within the 
time allowed by the rules of the court, an in- 
j unction will issue of course; and when the 
answer comes in, the injunction can only be 
continued upon a sufficient ground appearing 
from the answer itself. But if an injunction 
is wanted to stay waste, or other injuries of 
an equally unjust nature, then upon the tiling 
ot the bill, and a proper case supported by 
affidavits, the court will grant an injunction 
immediately ; to continue till the defendant 
has put in his answer, and tiil the court 
shall make some further order concerning it ; 
and when the answer comes in whether it 
shall then be dissolved, or continued till the 
hearing of the cause, is determined by the 
court upon argument, drawn from consider- 
ing the answer and affidavits together. 3 Bla. 
443. 
The methods of dissolving injunctions are 
various ; when the answer conics in, and the 
party has cleared his contempt by paying 
the costs of the attachment, if there is one, 
lie obtains an order to dissolve nisi, and serves 
it on the plaintilt’s clerk in court : this order 
takes notice of the defendant’s having fully 
answered the bill, and thereby denied the 
whole equity thereof, and being regularly 
served, the plaintiff must shew cause at the 
day ; or the defendant’s counsel, where there 
is no probability of shewing cause, may move 
to make the order absolute, unless cause, sit- 
ting the court. 3 Bac. Abr. 177. 
if the plaintiff who has an injunction die 
pending the suit, in strictness the whole pro- 
ceedings are abated, and the injunction with 
them; but even in this case the party shall 
not take out execution without special leave 
of the court; lie must move the court for 
the plaintiff to revive his suit within a limited 
time, or the injunction to stand dissolved ; 
and as this is never denied, so if the suit is 
not revived, the party takes out execution. 
There are some instances where a plaintiff 
may move to revive his injunction ; but as 
that raie’y happens, so it is rarely granted, 
especially where the injunction lias been 
before dissolved ; but where a bill is dismiss- 
ed, the injunction and every tiling else are 
gone, and execution may be taken out the 
next day. 3 Bac. Abr. 178. 
INJURY, a wrong or damage to a man’s 
person or goods. The law will suffer a pri- 
vate injury rather than a public evil ; and the 
act ot God or the law does injury to none. 
4 Rep. 124. 
INK. There are two principal kinds of 
ink, writing and printing ink. 
Writing-ink. W lien to an infusion of gall- 
nuts some solution ot sulphate of iron (green 
copperas) is added, a very dark-blue precipi- 
tate takes place. This precipitate is the gal- 
lic acid of the galls united to t he iron of the 
green vitriol, forming gallat of iron, which is 
ti e basis of writing-ink. If galls and sul- 
| pbate of iron only were used, the precipitate 
would fall down, leaving the water colour- 
less ; and in order to keep it suspended in 
the water, forming a permanently black, or 
rather very dark blue fluid, gum arabic is 
added, which, by its viscid nature, prevents 
the precipitate from falling down. 
Various receipts have been given for the 
composition of writing-ink, but very few have 
been founded upon a knowledge of its veal 
nature. The receipt given by M. Ribancourt 
is as follows : Take eight ounces of Aleppo 
galls, in coarse powder ; four ounces of log- 
wood, in thin chips ; four ounces of sulphate 
ot iron (green copperas) ; three ounces of 
gum arabic, in powder; one ounce of sul- 
phate of copper (blue vitriol) ; and one ounce 
of sugar-candy. Boil the galls and logwood 
together in twelve pounds of water for one 
hour, or till half the liquid has been evapo- 
rated. Strain the decoction through a hair 
sieve, or linen cloth, and then add the other 
ingredients. Stir the mixture till the whole 
is dissolved, more especially the gum; after 
which leave it to subside for 24 hours. Then 
decant the ink, and preserve it in bottles of 
glass or stone ware, well corked. 
The following will also make a good ink: 
To one quart of soft water add four ounces 
of galls, one ounce of copperas roughly 
bruised, and two ounces of gum arabic. Let 
tlie whoie be kept near the tire a few 7 days, 
and occasionally well shaken. 
Red writing-ink is made in the following 
manner: Take of the raspings of Brazil 
wood a quarter of a pound, and infuse them 
two or three days in vinegar. Boil the infu- 
sion for an hour over a gentle fire, and after- 
wards tiltre it while hot. Put it again ovc-r 
the fire, and dissolve in it, first,- half an ounce 
of gum arabic ; and afterwards of alum and 
white sugar, each half an ounce. 
Printing-ink is a black paint, composed of 
lamp-black and linseed or suet oil boiled, so as 
to acquire considerable consistence and tena- 
city. The art of preparing it is kept a se- 
cret ; but the obtaining good lamp-black ap- 
pears to be the chief difficulty in making it. 
T he ink used by copper-plate printers dif- 
fers from the last only in the oil not being so 
much boiled, and the black which is used be- 
ing Frankfort black. 
Sympathetic inks are such as do not appear 
after they are written with, but which may be- 
made to appear at pleasure, by certain means 
to be used for that purpose. A variety of 
substances have been used for this purpose. 
We shall describe the best of them. 
1. Dissolve some sugar of lead in water,, 
and write with the solution. When dry, no- 
writing will be visible. When you want to 
make it appear, wet the paper with a solution 
of alkaline suipluiret (liver of sulphur), and 
the letters will immediately appear of a brown 
colour. Even exposing the writing to the 
vapours of these solutions will render ibap- 
parent. 
2. Write with a solution of gold 4 in aqua 
regia, and let the paper dry -gently in the 
shade. Nothing will appear; but draw a 
sponge over it wetted with a solution of tin in- 
aqua regia, the writing will immediately ap- 
pear of a purple colour. 
3. Write with an infusion of galls, and when 
you wish the writing to appear, clip it into a 
solution of green vitriol ; the letters will ap- 
pear black. 
4. Write with diluted sulphuric acid, and 
