FN N' 
TN N 
I N Q 
■22 
nothing will be visible. To render it so, hold 
it to the lire, and the letters will instantly ap- 
pear black. 
5. Juieeof cmons, or onions, a solution of 
sal ammoniac, green vitriol, &c. will auswer 
tiie same purpose, though not so easily, nor 
with so little heat. 
6. Green sympathetic ink. Dissolve co- 
balt in nitromuriatic acid, and write with; the 
solution. The letters will be invisible till 
held to the lire, when they will appear green, 
and will disappear completely again when re- 
moved into the cold. In this manner they 
may be made to appear and disappear at 
pleasure. 
A very pleasant experiment of this kind is 
to make a drawing representing a winter 
scene, in which the trees appear void of 
leaves, and to put the leaves on with this 
sympathetic ink ; then, upon holding the 
drawing near to the lire, the lea ves will begin 
to appear in all the verdure of spring, and 
will very much surprise those who are not in 
the secret. 
7. Blue sympathetic ink. Dissolve cobalt 
in nitric acid ; precipitate the Cobalt by 
potass ; dissolve tins precipitated oxide of 
cobalt in acetic acid, and add to the solution 
one-eighth of common salt. This will form 
a sympathetic ink, that, when cold, will be 
invisible, hut will appear blue by heat. 
Ink, removing stains of. The stains of 
ink on cloth, paper, or wood, may be re- 
moved by almost all acids ; hut those acids 
are to be preferred which are least likely toi 
injure the texture of the stained substance. 
The muriatic acid, diluted with five or six 
times its weight of water, may be applied to 
the spot, and, after a minute or two, may be 
washed off, repeating the application as often 
as may be found necessary. But the veget- ■ 
able acids are attended with less risk, and are 
equally effectual. A solution of the oxalic, 
citric (acid of lemons), or tartareous acids, in 
water, may be applied to the most delicate 
fabrics without any danger of injuring them ; 
and the same solutions will discharge writing, 
hut not printing-ink. Hence they may be 
employed in cleaning books which have been 
defaced by writing on the margin, without 
impairing the text. Lemon-juice, and the 
juice of sorrel, will also remove ink-stains, 
hut not so easily as the concrete acid of le- 
mons, or citric acid. 
INNS AND. INNKEEPERS. Common 
inns vvere instituted for passengers ; and the 
duty of innkeepers extends chiefly to the en- 
tertaining and harbouring of travellers, find- 
jug them victuals and lodging, and securing 
the goods and effects of their guests ; and 
therefore if one who keeps a common inn re- 
fuses either to receive a traveller as a guest 
into his house, or to find, him victuals or lodg- 
ing, upon his tendering a reasonable price for 
the same, he is not only liable to render 
damages for the injury in an action on the 
case, at the suit of the party grieved, hut also 
may he indicted and fined at the suit of the 
king. Dyer, 158. 
In return for such responsibility the law 
allows him to retain the horse ot his guest 
until paid for his keep; hut he cannot retain 
such horse for the bill of the owner, although 
he may retain his goods for such hill ; neither 
can lie' detain one horse for the food of an- 
other. 1 li'ubt. 207,217. 
^ An innkeeper, however, is not hound (o re- 
ceive the horse, unless the master lodge there 
also. 2 Brown, 25 4. 
Neither is a landlord bound to furni li pro- 
visions unless paid beforehand. 9 Co. 87. 
If an innkeeper makes out unreasonable 
hills, he may be indicted for extortion ; and 
if either he or any of his servants knowingly 
sell bad wine or bad provisions, they will be 
responsible hi an action of deceit. 
Any person may set up a new inn, unless 
it is inconvenient to the public, in respect of 
its situation, or to its increasing the number of 
inns, not only to the prejudice of the public, 
but also to the hindrance and prejudice of 
other antient and well-governed inns : for the 
keeping of an inn is no franchise, but a law- 
ful trade, open to every subject, and there- 
fore there is no need of any licence from the 
king for that purpose. 2 Roll. Abr. 84. 
An innkeeper is distinguished from other 
’ trades in that he cannot he a bankrupt; for 
though he buys provisions to be spent in his 
house, \et he does not properly sell them, 
hut utter them at such rates as lie thinks rea- 
sonable ; and the attendance of his servants, 
furniture of his house, &c. are to he consi- 
dered ; and the statutes of bankruptcy only 
mention merchants that use to buy and sell 
in gross, or buy retail, and such as get their 
living by buying and selling; but the con- 
tracts with innkeepers are not for any com- 
modities in specie, but they are contracts for 
house-room, trouble, attendance, lodging, and 
necessaries, and therefore cannot come within 
the design of such words, since there is no 
trade carried on by buying and bartering 
commodities. 1 Jones, 437. 
But where an innkeeper is a chapman also, 
and buys and sells, he may, on that account, 
be a bankrupt, though not barely as an inn- 
keeper, and this has been frequently seen. 7 
Vin. Abr. 57. 
Innkeepers are dearly chargeable for the 
goods of guests stolen or lost out of their inns, 
and this without any contract or agreement 
for that purpose ; for the law makes them 
liable in respect of the reyvard, as also in re- 
spect of their being places appointed and al-' 
lowed by law, for the benefit and security of 
traders and travellers. Dyer, 265. 
But if a person comes to an innkeeper, and 
desires to he entertained by him, which the' 
innkeeper refuses, because his house is al- 
ready full | whereupon the party says he will 
shift among the rest of his guests, and there 
he is robbed, the host shall not be charged. 
Dyer, 158. 
If a man comes to a common inn to har- 
bour, and desires that his horse may be put to 
grass, and the host put him to grass accord- 
ingly, and the horse is stolen, the host shall 
not be charged ; because by law the host is 
not bound to answer for airy thing out of his 
inn, hut only for these that are infra hospi- 
tium. 8 Co. 32 b. 
Innkeepers may detain the person of the 
guest who eats, or the horse which eats, till 
payment, and' this he may do without any 
agreement for that purpose ; for men that 
get their livelihood by entertainment of others, 
cannot annex such disobliging conditions, 
that they should retain the party’s, property 
in case of non-payment, nor make such dis- 
advantageous. and impudent a supposition, 
that they shall not be paid ; and therefore the 
law annexed such a condition without the 
agreement of the parties. Boll. Abr. 85. 
By the custom of London and Exeter, if a 
man commits a horse to a hostler, and he eats 
out the price of ins head, the hostler may take 
him as his own, upon the reasonable appraise- 
ment of four of his neighbours ; but the inn- 
keeper has no power to sell the horse, by 
the general custom of the whole kingdom. 
Moor. 876. 3 Buist. 27 1 . 
But it has been held, that though an inn- 
keeper in London may, after long keeping, 
have the horse appraised, and sell him ; yet 
when he has, in such case, had him apprais- 
ed, lie cannot justify the taking him to him- 
self, at the price it was appraised at. 1 Vin. 
Abr. 233. 
Inns of court, are so called, because 
the students therein study the law, to enable 
them to practise in the courts at Westmin- 
ster, or elsewhere ; and also because they me 
ail oilier gentle exercises, as may render 
them better qualified to serve the king in his 
court. Fortesq. c. 4-9. 
IN NOMINAL A OSSA. See Anatomy. 
INNUENDO, is a word used in declara- 
tions and law proceedings, to ascertain a per- 
son or thing which was named before ; as to 
say he (innuendo the plaintiff; did so and 
so, when there was mention before of another 
person. 
Innuendo may serve for an explanation 
where there is precedent matter, hut never 
for a new charge ; it may apply what is al- 
ready expressed, but cannot add or enlarge 
the importance of it. 2 Salk. 5 ] 3. 
INOCULATION. See M EDICINE. 
Inoculation, or Budding. See Graft- 
ing. 
INOL1TIIUS, in mineralogy, a stone con- 
sisting of carbonate of lime, carbonic acid 
gas, and a little iron; entirely soluble in ni- 
tric acid with effervescence ; fibrous, parasi- 
tic, soft, lightish, breaking into indeterminate' 
fragments. There are several species: of 
the filamentosius there are three varieties ; 
the satin Spar, so called from its rich satiny 
lustre, is found in Russia, Poland, Germany, 
Saxony, and Bohemia, with the fibres straight 
and a. little curved. It is Lund also about a 
ihile from Alston in Cumberland, washed by 
the river dyne, near the level of its bed ; co- 
lour white, with sometimes a rosy tinge from 
a diluted oxide of iron, and transmits light 
from the edges, or in thinner pieces : frac- 
ture in tiie direction of the striae fibrous, 
straight or curved ; specific gravity about 
2.71, contains carbonic acid 47, carbonate iff 
lime 50, water of crystallization 2, and a small 
portion of iron. 
INORDINATE proportion, is where 
there are three magnitudes in one rank, and 
three others propo.tional to them in another, 
and you compare them in a different order! 
Thus suppose the numbers in one rank to b 6 
2, 3, 9'; and those of the other -rank 8 24, 36 ; 
which are compared in a different order, viz! 
2:3: *. 2~t : 36; and 3 : 9 ‘ : 8 : 24. Then, 
rejecting the mean terms of each rank, you 
conclude 2:9: '• 8 : 36. 
INQUEST, in law, signifies an enquiry 
made hy a jury, in a civil or criminal cause y 
by examining witnesses. There is also an 
inquest of office, used for the satisfaction of 
the judges, and sometimes to make an en- 
