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efttiry whether a criminal is a lunatic or 
not ; upon which inquest, if it is found that 
the criminal only feigns himself to be a luna- 
tic, and at the same time refuses to plead, he 
may be dealt with as one standing mute. 
Where a person is attainted of felony, and 
escapes, and afterwards, on being retaken, 
denies that he is the same man, inquest must 
be made into the identity of the person by a 
jury, before he can be executed. 
INQUISI TION, in law, a manner of pro- 
ceeding by way of search or examination used 
on the king’s behalf, in cases of outlawry, 
treason, felony, self-murder, &c. to discover 
lands, goods, and the like, forfeited to the 
crown, inquisition is also had upon extents 
of lands, tenements, & c. writs of elegit, and 
where judgment being had by default, da- 
mages and costs are recovered. 
Inq.uisiti.on, in the church of Rome, a 
tribunal in several Roman-catholic countries, 
erected by the popes for the examination and 
punishment of heretics. 
This court was founded in the 12th cen- 
tury by father Dominic and his followers, 
who were sent by pope Innocent III. with or- 
ders to excite the catholic princes and people 
to extirpate heretics, to search into their 
number and quality, and to transmit a faith- 
ful account thereof to Rome. Hence they 
were called inquisitors ; and this gave birth 
to the formidable tribunal of the inquisition, 
which was received in all Italy, and the do- 
minions of Spain, except the kingdom of 
Naples, and the Low-countiies. See Act 
of Faith. 
INROLLMENT, in law, is the register- 
ing, recording, or entering in the rolls of the 
chancery, king’s-bench, common-pleas, or 
exchequer, or by the clerk of the peace in 
the records of the quarter-sessions, of any 
lawful act ; a statute or recognizance acknow- 
ledges a deed of bargain and sale of lands, 
and the like ; but the inrolling a deed does 
not make it a record, though it therein be- 
comes a deed recorded ; for there is a differ- 
ence between a matter of record, and a thing 
recorded to be kept in memory ; a record 
being the entry in parchment of judicial mat- 
ters controverted in a court of record, and 
whereof the court takes notice, whereas an 
inrollmentpf a deed is a private act of the 
parties concerned, of which the court takes 
no cognizance at the time of doing, it, al- 
though the court permits it. 2 Liil. Abr. 
c. 9. 
By stat. 27 H. VIII. c. lG, no lands shall 
pass, whereby any estate of inheritance or 
freehold shall take effect, or any use thereof 
be made, by reason only of any bargain and 
sale thereof, except the bargain and sale is 
made by writing indented, sealed, and within 
six months inrolled in one of the king’s courts 
of record at Westminster ; or else-within the 
county where the lands lie, before the clerk 
of the peace, and one or more justices. 
But by 5 Eliz. c. 26, in the counties pala-j 
tine, they may be inrolled at the respective 
courts there, or at the assizes. 
Every deed before it is inrolled is to be ac- 
knowledged to be the deed of the party, be- 
fore a master of chancery, or a judge of the 
court wherein it is inrolled, which is the offi- 
cer’s warrant for inrolling the same ; and the 
inrollment of a deed, if it is acknowledged 
by the grantor, will be a good proof of the 
, deed itself upon trial. 2 Lill. Abr, 69, 
But a deed may be inrolled without the 
examination of the party himself ; for it is 
sufficient if oath is made of the execution. 
If two are parties, and the deed is acknow- 
ledged by one, the other is bound by it. And 
if a man lives abroad, and would pass lands 
here in England, a nominal person may be 
joined with him in the deed, who may acknow- 
ledge it here, and it will be binding. 1 Salk. 
389. ^ 
INSCRIBED, in geometry. A figure is 
said to be inscribed in another when all its 
angles touch the sides or planes of the other 
figure.. 
INSECTS. See Entomology. 
INSOLATION, in chemistry, a term 
made use of to denote an exposure to the 
sun, to promote the chemical action of one 
substance upon another. 
INSTALLMENT, the. instating or estab- 
lishing a person in some dignity. This word 
is ch telly used for the induction of a dean, 
prebendary, or other ecclesiastical dignitary, 
into the possession of his stall, or other pro- 
per seat in the cathedral to which he belongs. 
It is also used for the ceremony whereby the 
knights of the garter are placed in their rank 
in the chapel of St. George at Windsor, and 
on many other like occasions. It is sometimes 
termed installation. 
INSTITUTES, in literary history, a book 
containing the elements of the Roman law, 
and constituting the last part of the civil law. 
The institutes are divided into four books, 
and contain an abridgment of the whole body 
of the civil law, being designed for the use of 
students. 
INSTITUTION, in general, signifies the 
establishing or founding something. 
In the canon and common law it signifies 
the investing a clerk with the spiritualities of 
a rectory, &c. which is done by the bishop, 
who uses the formula, “ I institute you rector 
of such a church, with cure of souls, and re- 
ceive your care and mine.” This- makes him 
a complete parson as to spirituality, but not 
as to temporality, which depends on induc- 
tion. The term institutions is also used, in a 
literary sense, for a book containing the de- 
ments of any art or science : such are institu- 
tions of medicine, institutions of rhetoric, 
&c. 
INSTRUMENT, in law, some public act 
or authentic deed, by which any truth is 
made apparent, or any right or title establish- 
ed in a court of justice. See Deed. 
Instruments, in music, are either played 
on by means of wind, as the organ, &c. ; or by 
strings, as the violin, &c. 
INSTRUMENTS, astronomical. We 
shall, under the word Observatory, give 
an account of the several instruments made 
use of in practical astronomy. 
Instruments, mathematical. A pock- 
et case of mathematical instruments con- 
tains the following particulars, viz. 1. A pair 
of plain compasses. 2. A pair of drawing 
compasses, with its several parts. 3. A 
drawing-pen and pointer. 4. A protractor, 
in form of a semicircle, or sometimes of a 
parallelogram. 5. A parallel ruler. 6. A 
plain scale. 7. A sector, besides the biack- 
lead pencil for drawing lines. The general 
uses of the above instruments are as follow : 
see Plate Mathematical Instrument?.. 
I Of the plain compasses, Fig. 1. The 
use. of the common or plain compasses is, 
I (E) to draw a blank line A B, by the edge of 
a ruler, through any given point or points 
C D, &c. (2.) Take any extent or length 
i between the points of the compasses, and to 
i set it oil', or apply it successively upon any 
| line, as from C to D, fig. 2. (3.) To take 
! any proposed line C D between the points, 
and, by applying it to the proper scale, to 
find its length. (4.) To set off equal dis- 
tances upon a given line, by making a dot 
with the point at each, through which to 
draw parallel lines. (5.) To draw any blank 
circle, intersecting arches, &c. (6.) To lay- 
off an angle of a given quantity upon an 
arch of a circle from the line of chords, 5;c. 
(7.) To measure ■any arch or angle, upon 
the chords, &c. (8.) To construct any pro- 
posed figure, in plotting or making plans, 
&c. by setting off the quantity of the sides 
and angles from proper scales. In short, the 
use of the compasses occurs in every branch 
of practical mathematics. 
II. Of the dravjing-compasses . These 
compasses are chielly designed for drawing 
circles, and circular arches ; and it is often 
necessary they should be drawn with differ- 
ent materials; and therefore this pair of 
compasses has, in one of its legs, a triangular 
socket, and screw, to receive and fasten the 
following parts or points for that purpose, 
viz. (1.) A steel point, which being fixed in 
the socket, makes the compasses then but a 
plain pair, and has all the same uses as just 
now described in drawing blank circles, set- 
ting off lines, & c. (2.) A port-crayon with 
a black-lead pencil, cut to a fine point, for 
drawing lines that may be easily rubbed out 
again, if not right. A piece of slate-pencil 
may also be used -in this part for drawing on 
slate. (3.) The dqtting-point, or dotting, 
pen, with a small rowel, or indented wheel 
at the end, moving very freely ; and receiv- 
ing ink from the brass pen over it, communi- 
cates the same in equal and regular dots upon 
the paper, where dotted lines are chosen, 
j (4.) The steel pen or point, for drawing and. 
| describing black lines with ink ; for this pur-- 
i pose the two parts or Sides of the pen are 
1 opened or closed with an adjusting, screw, 
j that the line drawn may be as fine or as 
j coarse as you please. 
I In the port-crayon, dotter, and steel pm, 
there is a joint, by which you can set the 
lower part always perpendic.ular to the pap.r, 
which is necessary for drawing a line wd) 
in every extent or opening of the compasses. 
In some of the better sort of instrumeuts, 
theoe points slide into the socket, and are 
kept tight by a spring on the insideAhat is - 
not seen. 
The steel point is sometimes made'with a 
joint, and furnished with a line spring aiyj 
screw ; by which, when you have opened the ’ 
compasses nearly to the extent required, you 
can, by turning the screw, move the point 
to the true extent as it were, to a ha r’s . 
breadth; which is the reason these are called; 
hair-compasses. 
The common compasses, at large, are Lot 
altogether so well adapted for small drawings ; 
and therefore a small sort called b-ow,s, Ire • 
contrived to answer all such purposes ; they 
consist only of a steel point and drawing-pen,;, 
with a joint, and of a small . length, so that 
