3 0 1 
IPO 
I R O 
th pm enters into religion, the survivor shall 
have the whole, Co, Lit. 181. 
At common law, joint tenants in common 
were not compellable to ma,ke partition, ex- 
cept by the custom of some cities and bo- 
roughs. Co. Lit. 187. 
But now joint tenants may make partition ; 
the one party may compel the other to make 
partition, which must be by deed: that is to 
to say, all the parties must by deed actually 
Convey and assure to each other the several 
estates, which thev-areto take and enjoy se- 
verally and separately. 2 Black. 324. 
Joint tenants being seized per mie et per 
tout, and deriving by one and the same title, 
must jointly implead, and be jointly implead- 
ed with others. Co. Lit. 180. 
If one joint tenant refuses to join in action, 
he may be summoned and severed; but 
herein it is to be observed, that if the person 
1 severed dies, the writ abates, because the 
survivor then goes for the whole, which he 
cannot do on that writ, where on the summons 
! and severance he went only for a moiety be- 
| fore ; for the writ cannot have a double effect, 
to wit, for a moiety in case of summons and 
j severance, and for the whole in case of sur- 
1 vivorship. Co. Lit. 188. 
But in personal and mixed actions where 
j there is summons and severance, and yet af- 
j ter such summons and severance the plaintiff 
| goes on for the whole, there if one of them 
dies, yet the writ shall not abate, because they 
go on for the whole after summons and se- 
verance; and if they were to have a new 
| writ, it would only give the court authority 
to go on for the whole. Co. Lit. 197. 
JOINTURE. A jointure strictly speaking. 
J signifies a joint estate, limited to both husband 
I and wife; but in common acceptation, it ex- 
| tends also to a sole estate, limited to the wife 
only, and may be thus defined, viz. a compe- 
I tent livelihood of freehold for the wife of 
lands and tenements, to take effect, in profit 
or possession, presently after the death of the 
husband; for the life of the wife at least. 
I 9 Black. 137. 
By the statute of the 27th II. VIII. c. 10. 
if a jointure is made to the wife, it is a bar of 
her dower, so that she shall not ha.ve both join- 
ture and dower. And to the making of a 
perfect jointure within that statute six things 
j are observed: 1. Her jointure is to take effect 
j presently after her husband’s decease. 2. It 
j must be for the term of her own life, or greater 
j estate. 3. It should be made to herself. 4. 
; It must be made hi satisfaction of her whole 
dower, and not of part of her dower. 5. It 
j must either be expressed or averred to be in 
| 'satisfaction of her dower. 0. It should be 
made during the coverture. 1 Inst. 32. 
I The estate must take effect presently after 
her husband’s decease ; therefore if an estate 
is made .to the husband for life, remainder to 
; another person for life, remainder to the wife 
| for her jointure, this is no good jointure, for 
it is not within the words or intent ot the sta- 
tute ; for the statute designed nothing as a sa- 
tisfaction for dower, but that which came in 
the same place, and is of the same use to the 
wife ; and though the other person dies during 
; the life of the husband, yet this is not good ; 
j tor every interest not equivalent to dower not 
1 being within the statute, is a void limitation to 
deprive the wife of her dower. 4 Co. 3. 
8 
The estate must be for term of the wife’s 
life, or a greater estate; therefore if an estate 
is made tor the life or lives of many others, 
this is no good jointure; for if she survives 
such lives, as she may, then it would be no 
competent provision during her life, as every 
jointure within the statute ought to be. Co. 
Lit. 36. 
The estate should be made to herself; but 
as the intention of the statute was to secure 
the wife a competent provision, and also to 
exclude her from claiming dower, and like- 
wise her settlement, it seems that a provision 
or settlement on the wife, though by way of 
trust, if in other respects it answers the inten- 
tion of the statute, will be inforced in a court 
of equity'. 
The estate must be in satisfaction of the 
whole dower ; the reason hereof is, that if it 
is made in satisfaction of part only, it is un- 
certain for what part it is in satisfaction of her 
dower, and therefore void in the whole. Co. 
Lit. 36. 
The estate must be expressed or averred to 
be in satisfaction of her dower. Lord Coke 
says, that it must be expressed or averred 
to be in satisfaction of tier dower; but quaere, 
for this does not seem requisite either within 
the words or intention ot the statute. Co. 
Lit. 36. 
It should be made during the coverture; 
this the very words of the act of parliament 
require: and therefore if a jointure is made 
to a woman during her coverture in satisfac- 
tion of dower, she may wave it after her hus- 
band’s death ; but if she enters and agrees 
thereto, she is concluded ; for though a wo- 
man is not bound by any act when she is not 
at her own disposal, yet if she agrees to it when 
she is at liberty, it is her own act, and she 
cannot avoid it. Co. Lit. 36. 4 Co. 3. 
JOISTS, or Joysts. See Architec- 
ture. 
JONCQUETIA, a genus of the decandria 
tetragynia class and order. The cal. is five- 
leaved; pet. five and spreading; filaments 
growing to a glandule; styles none; caps, 
sub-globular, one-celled, five-valved, five- 
seeded. There is one species, a large tree of 
Guiana. 
IONIC ORDER. See Architecture. 
JONK, orJoNQUE, in naval affairs, is a- 
kind of small ship, very common in the East 
Indies: these vessels are about the bigness of 
our fly-boats, and differ in the form of their 
building, according to the different methods 
of naval architecture used by the nations to 
which they belong. Their sails are frequent- 
ly made of mats, and their anchors are made 
of wood. 
JOURNAL, at sea. See Navigation. 
IPECACUANHA. See Materia Me- 
DIC A. 
IPOMEA, quamacUt, or scarlet convol- 
vulus, a genus of the monogynia order, in the 
pentandria class of plants; and in the natural 
method ranking under the 29’h order, campa- 
nacese. The corolla is funnel-shaped; the 
stigma round-headed ; the capsule trilocular. 
There are twenty-seven species ; but not 
more than one (the -coccinea) cultivated in 
our gardens. This has long, slender, twin- 
ing stalks, rising upon suppoit six or seven 
feet high, from the sides of which' arise many 
slender footstalks, each supporting several 
large and beautiful funnel-shaped and scarlet 
$1 
flowers. There is a variety with orange- 
coloured flowers. Both of them are annual. 
IRELAND. By statutes 39 and 40 Geo. 
III. c. 67. the kingdoms of Great Britain and 
Ireland shall, upon the first day of Jan. 1801, 
and for ever after, be united, by the natne of 
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ire- 
land ; and the royal style and titles apper-* 
tabling to the imperial crown of the said unit- 
ed kingdom and its dependancies, and also 
the ensigns armorial, Hags and banners thereof, 
shall be such as his majesty, by his royal pro- 
clamation under the great seal of the united 
kingdom, shall be pleased to appoint. 
Where a debt is contracted in England, and 
a bond is taken for it in Ireland, it shall carry 
Irish interest; for it must be considered as 
referable to the place where it is made : but 
if it was a simple-contract debt only, it 
ought to carry English interest, the variation 
of place in this case making no difference. 
2 Atk. 382. 
IRESINE, agenusof the pentandria order, 
in the dioccia class of plants ; and in the na- 
tural method ranking under the 54th order, 
miscellanea:. "The male calyx is diphyllous, 
the corolla pentapetalous, and there are five 
nectaria. The female calyx is diphyllous, 
the corolla pentapetalous ; there .are two ses- 
sile stigmata, and a capsule with flocky seeds. 
There is one species, a herb of Jamaica.. 
IRI DIUM, a new metal lately discovered 
by Mr. Tennant in the ore of platina. It is 
of a white colour, and perfectly infusible. It 
does not combine with sulphur or arsenic. 
Lead unites with it, but may be separated 
by cupellution. Copper, silver, and* gold, 
are found to combine with it. 
IRIS, the flower-de-luce, or flag-flower, 
&c. ; a genus of the monogynia order in the 
triandria class of plants ; and in the natural 
method ranking under the sixth order, en- 
satax The corolla is divided into six parts; 
the petals alternately reflexed; the stigmata 
resembling petals. 
There are fifty species, all herbaceous 
flowering perennials, both of the fibrous, tu- 
berous, and bulbous-rooted kind, producing 
thick annual stalks from three or four inches 
to a yard high, terminated by large hexapeta- 
lous flowers, having three of the petals re- 
flexed quite back, and three erect; most of 
which are very ornamental, appearing in 
May, June, and July. All the species are 
easily propagated by offsets from the roots, 
which should be planted in September, Oc- 
tober, or November, though almost any time 
from September to March will do. They 
may also be raised from seed,' which is the 
best method for procuring varieties. It is to 
be sown in autumn, soon after it ripens, in a 
bed or border of common earth, and raked 
in. The plants will rise in the spring, and 
are to be transplanted next autumn. 
IRON, the most abundant, and the most 
useful of all metals, was neither known so 
--ally, nor wrought so easily as gold, silver, 
and copper. 
Iron is of a bluish white colour ; and when 
polished, has a great deal of brilliancy. It 
has a styptic taste, and emits a smell when 
rubbed. Its specific gravity varies from 7.6 
to 7.8. It is attracted , by the magnet or 
loadstone, and is. itself the substance which 
constitutes the loadstone. But when iron is 
perfectly pure, it retains the magnetic vif- 
