iv 1 F 
forms us, 5t was found most abundantly in the 
river Tmolus in Lydia. 
Ki'J^i', in the glass trade, a term used far 
. A soiu of potass made use ot in many of the 
glass works, particularly for the green glass, 
it is tne calcined ashes -of a plant called bv the 
same name ; and in some places of sea-tang's 
01 -laces, a sort of thick-leaved fucus or sea- 
wrack. I his plant is thrown on the rocks 
and shores in great abundance, and in the 
summer months is raked together and dried 
as hay in the sun and wind, and afterwards 
burned to the ashes called kelp. 
fvlaoxO, a shell found on the coast of Su- 
mat i a , it is sometimes three or four feet in 
diameter, as white as ivory. See Marsden’s 
Hist, of Sumatra. 
KENKS, in the sea-language, doublings in 
a rope or cable, when handed in and out, so 
tnat it does not run easy; or when any rope 
makes turns or twists, and does not run free 
in the block. 
KisdA I OPII\ I L M, in natural history, 
bee Corallines. 
KLR VI.ES. See Coccus. 
Keumes mineral, a compound of sul- 
phuret of antimony and potass. 
IvClCII, in naval architecture, a vessel 
with two masts, usually applied to one carry- 
ing bombs, or rather mortars. 
KE\ EL, in ship-building, a piece of plank 
fayed against the quickwork on the quarter- 
<lecK, in the shape of a semicircle; about 
winch the running rigging is belaid. 
KL\ , in music, a fundamental note or tone 
to which tne whole of a movement has a cer- 
tain relation or bearing, to which all its modu- 
lations are referred and accommodated, and in 
winch it both begins and ends. There are 
but two species of keys, one of file •major, 
ami one of the minor mode ; all the keys in 
w nidi we employ sharps or flats being dedu- 
ced from the natural keys of C major, and A 
minor, of which indeed they ' are only trans- 
positions. 
Key-stone. See Architecture. 
KEYS. See Organ, Harpsichord, &c. 
KIDNAPPING, is the forcible taking and 
carrying away a man, woman, or child, from 
their own country, and sending them to an- 
olbiT. I his is an offence at common law, 
and punishable by fine, imprisonment, and 
pillory. 
by stat. 1 1 and 12 M . If], c. 7, if any cap- 
tain of a merchant vessel shall during his 
being abroad force any person on shore', and 
wi.hiliy leave them behind, or refuse to brin-* 
home ail such men as he carried out, - if able 
and desirous to return, he shall suffer three 
months imprisonment. Exclusive of the above 
pumsiiment for this as a. criminal offence, the 
party may recover upon an action for com- 
pensation m damages for the civil injury. 
KIDNE , s. See Anatomy. 
hiH EKiL. this mineral is dug up near 
muie in Natolia, and is employed in forming 
the bowls of Turkish tobacco-pipes. 'The 
sa.e of it supports a monastery of dervises 
established near the place where it is dug 
H is found m a large fissure six feet wide, in 
gioy calcareous earth. 1 he workmen assert 
that U. grows again in the fissure, and puffs 
ltselr up like froth. This mineral, when fresh 
aug, is of the consistence of wax; it feels soft 
and greasy; its colour is yellow; its specific 
gravity 1.600: when thrown on the lire it 
K i N 
sweats, emits a fetid vapour, becomes hard, 
and perfectly while. 
According to the analysis of Klaproth, it 
is composed of 50.50 silica 
17.25 magnesia 
25.00 water 
5.00 carbonic acid 
.50 lime. 
98.25 
KIGGELARiA, a genus of the decandria 
order, in the dicecia class of plants, and in the 
natural method ranking under the 37th order, 
coluinnifenc. 1 he male cal yx is quinquepar- 
tite; the corolla pentapetalous; there are five 
trilobous glandules; the anthene are perfo- 
y a ted at top ; the female calyx and corolla as 
in the male; there are five styles; the capsule 
unilocular, quinquevalved, and polyspermous. 
'ihere is but one species, viz. the Africana. 
As thus is a native ot warm climates, it must 
be co.nstantlv kept in a stove in this country. 
It is propagated by seeds, layers, or cuttings, 
though most readily by seeds. 
KILDERKIN, a liquid measure contain- 
ing two firkins, or 18 gallons. 
KINDRED. See Descent. 
KING, signifies him who has the - highest 
power and absolute rule over the whole land; 
and therefore the king is, in intendment of 
lau r , cleared of those detects which common 
persons are subject to; for he is always sup- 
posed to be of full age, though ever so young. 
He p rdons life and limb to offenders against 
the crown and dignity, except such as he binds 
himself by oath not to forgive. The law 
ascribes to his majesty, in his political capa- 
city, aii absolute immortality. The king 
never dies, for immediately on the decease 
of the reigning prince in his natural capacity, 
lus imperial dignity, by act of law, without 
any interregnum or interval, is vested at 
once in Ins heir, who is eo instanti king to ail 
intents and purposes. And so tender is the 
law of supposing even a possibility of his 
death, that Ins natural dissolution is generally 
called his demise, an expression signifying 
merely a transfer of property. Plow'd. 177. 
. K.v the articles of the union of the two 
kingdoms of England and Scotland, all pa- 
pists, and persons marrying papists, are fo 
ever excluded from the imperial crown o 
Great Britain ; and in such case, the crowi 
shall descend to such person being a protes 
tanf, as snould have inherited the same, ii 
case such papist, or person marrying a pa 
pist, was naturally dead. 5 Anne, c. 8. 
King’s bench. The king’s bench is the 
supreme court of common law in the king 
dom, and is so called because the king usee 
fo sit there m person ; it consists of a chie 
justice, and three puisne justices, w ho are by 
their office the sovereign conservators of the 
peace, and supreme coroners of the land. 
I his court has a peculiar jurisdiction, not 
only over all capital offences, but also over 
all oilier misdemeanours of a public nature, 
tending either to a breach of the peace, or to 
oppression, or faction, or any manlier of mis- 
goyermnent. it has a discretionary power 
of inflicting exemplary punishment on of- 
fenders, either by fine, imprisonment, or 
other infamous punishment, as the nature of 
the crime, considered in all its circumstances, 
shall require. 
1 he jurisdiction of this court is so tran- 
sceudant, that it keeps all inferior jurisdictions 
K 1 N 
within the bounds 6f their authority; and it 
may either remove their proceedings to be 
determined here, or prohibit their progress 
below' : it superintends all civil corporations 
in the kingdom; commands magistrates and 
others to do what their duty requires, in 
every case where there is no specific remedy; 
protects the liberty of the subject, by speedy 
and summary interposition; takes cognizance 
both of criminal and civil causes; the former 
in what is called the crown side, or crown of- 
fice; the latter in the plea side of the court. 
This court lias cognizance on the plea side 
of all actions of trespass, or other injury al- 
leged to be committed vi etarink; of ac- 
tions for forgery of deeds, maintenance, con- 
spiracy, deceit, and actions on the case which 
allege any falsity or fraud. 
In proceedings in this court, the defendant 
is arrested for a supposed trespass, which in 
reality lie has never committed; and bei n ^ 
thus in the custody of the marshal of this 
court, the plaintiff is at liberty to proceed 
against him for any other personal injury, 
which surmise of being in the custody of the 
marshal, the defendant is not at liberty to dis- 
pute. 
This court is likewise a court of apnea!, 
into which may be removed, by writ of er- 
ror, all determinations of the court of com- 
mon pleas, and of all inferior courts of record 
in England. 
King’s bench prison. King’s bench 
new rules. East. 30 G. III. it is ordered by 
the court, that from and after the first day of 
Trinity term next, the rule made in the sixth 
year of die reign of king George I. and all 
other rules for establishing the rules of the 
king's bench -prison, shall be, and the same 
are hereby, repealed. And it is further or- 
dered, that from and after the said first day 
of Trinity term next, the rules of the king’s 
bench prison shall be comprized within the 
bounds following, exclusive of the public 
houses hereinafter mentioned ; that is tc^say, 
tiom Great Cumber-court in the parish of 
.St. George the Martyr, in the county of Sur- 
ry, along the north side of Dirty-lane, and 
Nleiancholy-wal'k, to Blackfriars’-road, along 
the western side of the said road to the obe- 
lisk and thence along the south-west side of 
the London-road, round the direction post in 
the centre of the roads, near the fmblic house 
known by the sign of the Elephant and Castle, 
and thence along the eastern side of Newing- 
ton causeway to Great Cumber-court afore- 
said : and it is also ordered, that the new gaol 
Southw rk, and the highway, exclusive’’ of 
the homes on each side of h, leading from 
tlv king’s bench prison to the said new' gaol, 
shall be within and part of the said rules. 
And it is lastly ordered, that all taverns, vic- 
tualling-houses, ale-houses, and wipe-vaults, 
and houses or places licensed to sell gin, or 
other spirituous liquors, shall be excluded 
out of, and deemed no part of the said rules. 
It is ordered, that from and after the first day 
of Trinity term next, no prisoner in the king’s 
bench prison, or within the rules thereof, 
shall have, or be entitled to have, day rules 
above three days in each term. And it is 
hirther ordered, that every such prisoner 
having a day rule, shall return within the 
walls or rules of the said prison, at or before 
nine o’clo k m the evening of tiie day on 
which such rule shall be granted. 
King’s palace. The limits of the king’s 
