LEM 
I. E M 
f. K o 
When all the debts and particular legacies 
are discharged, the residue or surplus mu st 
be paid to the residuary legatee, it any be so 
appointed in the will ; but it' there be none 
appointed or intended, it will go to the exe- 
cutor or next of kin. 
When this residue does not go to the execu- 
tor, it is to be distributed among the intestate’s 
next of kin, according to the statute of distri- 
butions ; except the same is otherwise dispos- 
able by particular customs, as those of Lon- 
don, York, &c. See Executor. 
LEO ATE, a cardinal or bishop, whom 
the pope sends as his ambassador to sove- 
reign princes. 
There are three kinds of legates, viz. le- 
gates a latere, legates de latere, and legates 
by office, or legati nati ; of these the most 
considerable are the legates a latere, the next 
are the iegates de latere. 
Legates by office are those who have not 
any particular legation given them, but who 
by virtue of their dignity and rank in the 
church, become legates ; such are the arch- 
bishops of Rheims and Arles ; but the au- 
thority of these legates is much inferior to 
that of the legates a latere. 
LEGATUS, in Roman antiquity, a mili- 
tary officer who commanded as deputy of 
the chief general. 
LEGER-line, in music, one added to 
the staff of five lines, when the ascending or 
descending notes run very high or low. 
LEGION, in Roman antiquity, a body of 
foot which consisted of ten cohorts. 
The exact number contained in a legion, 
was fixed by Romulus at three thousand ; 
though Plutarch assures us, that after the 
reception of the Sabines into Rome, he in- 
creased it to six thousand. The common 
number afterwards, in the first times of the 
free state, was four thousand ; but in the war 
with Hannibal, it arose to five thousand, and 
after this it is probable that it sunk again to 
four thousand, or four thousand two hundred, 
which was the number in the time of Po- 
lybius. 
LEG N OTIS, a genus of the class and 
order polyandria monogynia. The calyx 
is five-cleft; pet. 5 ; caps. 3-celINl. There are 
two species, trees of Jamaica and Guiana. 
LEMMA, in mathematics, a proposition 
which serves previously to prepare the way 
for the more easy apprehension of the de- 
monstration of some theorem, or construc- 
tion of some problem. ^ ' 
LEMNA, a genus of the moncecia di- 
andria class and order. The male cal. is 
one-leaved; cor. none: female, cal. one- 
leaved; cor. none; style one; caps, one- 
ceiled. There are six species, known by 
the name of duck-weed, or duck-meat. 
LEMN1SEA, a genus of the class and 
order polyandria monogynia. The cal. is 5- 
toothed; cor. 6-petalled, recurved; nect. cap- 
shaped, girding; the germ. per. 5-celled, 
seeds solitary. There is 1 species, a tree of 
Guiana. 
LEMON. See Citrus. 
Lemon, salt of. See Oxalat of potass. 
LEMUR, macauco, a genus of quadru- 
peds of the order primates : the generic cha- 
racter is, front-teeth in the upper jaw, four; 
the intermediate ones remote: in the lower 
jaw, six; longer, stretched forwards, com- 
pressed, parallel, approximated. Canine- 
teeth so itary, approximated ; grinders se- 
veral, sublohated ; the foremost somewhat 
longer and sharper. 
1 lie genus lemur or macauco consists of 
animals approaching fo monkeys in tire form 
o! their feet, which, in most species, are fur- 
nished with flat nails; but differing in their 
maimers, and void of that mischievous and 
petulant disposition which so much distin- 
guishes the monkey tribe from other, quadru- 
peds. 
In this, as in the former genus, we meet 
with some species without a tail, while others 
have that part extremely long. Of the tail- 
less species the most remarkable is the 
1. Lemur tardigradus, slow lemur. It is 
about the size of a small cat, measuring six- 
teen inches in length ; its colour is an ele- 
gant pale-brown or mouse-colour ; the face* 
flatfish; the nose inclining to a sharpened 
form ; the eyes yellow-brown, large, and 
extremely protuberant, so as to appear in 
the living animal like perfect hemispheres. 
They are surrounded by a circle of dark 
brown, which also runs down the back of the 
animal. This species is very slow in its 
motions, and from this circumstance has actu- 
ally been ranked by some naturalists among 
the sloths ; though in no other respect re- 
sembling them. It is a nocturnal animal, 
and sleeps, or at least lies motionless, during 
the greatest part of the day ; its voice is shrill 
and plaintive. 
2. Lemur indri. This is a very large 
species ; it is entirely of a black colour, ex- 
cept on the face, which is greyish ; a greyish 
cast also prevails towards the lower part of 
the abdomen, and the rump is white. The 
face is of a lengthened or dog-like form ; the 
ears shortish and slightly tufted ; the hair or 
fur is silky and thick, and in some parts of a 
curly or erhped appearance : it is the lar- 
gest animal of this genus, and is said by 
Mons. Sonnerat, its first describer, to be 
three feet and a half high ; it is said to be a 
gentle and docile animal, and to be trained, 
when taken young, for chare, in (he manner 
of a dog. Its voice resembles the crying of 
an infant. It is a native of Madagascar, 
where it is known by the name of Indri, which 
is said to signify the man of the wood. The 
nails in this species are flat, but pointed at 
the ends ; and there is no appearance of a tail. 
3. Lemur macaco, ruffed lemur. This is 
the' species described by the count de But- 
ton, under the name of the vari, its colours 
often consisting of a patched distribution of 
black and white ; though its real or natural 
colour is supposed to be entirely black. In 
size it exceeds the mongos, or brown lemur. 
It is said to be a fierce and almost untameable 
animal : it inhabits the woods of Madagascar 
and some of the Indian islands ; and is said 
to exert a voice so loud and powerful as to 
strike astonishment into those who hear it, 
resembling, in this respect, the howling- 
monkey or S. Belzebub, which fills the woods 
of Brasil and Guiana with its dreadful cries. 
When in a state of captivity, however, it 
seems to become as gentle as some others 
of this genus. 
The astonishing strength of voice in this 
animal, depends, according to the count de 
Buffon, on the peculiar structure of the 
larynx, which widens, immediately after its 
divarication, into a large cavity before enter- 
ing the lungs. 
4. Lemur taraier. This animal is distin- 
II 2 
5( J 
gu. siiod by the great length of its hind legs, 
its general length from the no;e to the tail 
is almost six inches ; and from the ucse to 
the hind toes eleven inches and a half; the 
tail nine inches and a half. The face is sharp 
or pointed; the eyes very large and full; 
the ears upright, broad, naked, and round- 
ed. Between the ears on the top of the head 
is a tuft of long hairs. The colour of this 
species is grey-brown or mouse-colour, paler 
beneath, it is a native of Amboina and some 
other East Indian islands. 
5. Lemur psilodactylus, long-fingered le- 
mur. 'Ibis highly singular species lias so 
much the general appearance of a squirrei, 
that it has been referred to that genus both 
by Mr. Pennant in the last edition of his 
History of Quadrupeds, and by Ginelin in 
his enlarged edition of the Systema Natural 
of Lintmis. The account, however, given 
by Mons. Sonnerat, its first describer, seems 
to prove it a species of lemur. It measures 
from fourteen to eighteen inches from the 
nose to the tail, which is about the same 
length. The general colour of flic animal 
is a pale ferruginous-brown, mixed with black 
and grey ; on the head, round the eyes, and 
on the upper parts of the body, the ferrugi- 
nous brown prevails, with a blackish cast on 
the back and limbs; the tail is entirely black; 
the sides of the head, the neck, the lower jaw, 
and the belly, are greyish. There are also a 
kind of woolly hairs of this colour, and of 
two or three inejies in length, scattered over 
the whole body; the thighs and legs have a 
reddish cast ; the black prevails on the feet, 
which are covered with short hairs of that 
colour ; the head is shaped like that of a 
squirrel ; and there are two cutting-teeth in 
front of each jaw ; the ears are large, round, 
and naked, resembling- those of a bat, 
and of a black colour. The feet are long, 
and somewhat resemble those of the Tarsier; 
the thumbs or interior toes of the hind feet 
are short, and furnished with fiat round nails, 
as in the macaucos ; but the principal cha- 
racter of the animal consists in the extra- 
ordinary structure of the fore-feet, which 
have the two middle toes of an uncommon 
length, most extremely thin, and perfectly 
naked, except at their base; all the claws on 
the fore-feet are sharp and crooked. It is a 
timid animal, and can scarcely see distinctly 
by day ; and its eyes, which are of an ochre 
colour, resemble "those of an owl. 
This species is a native of Madagascar, 
where it inhabits woods ; it is extremely rare, 
and is supposed to feed on fruits, insects, 
&c. : it is fond of warmth, and has the same 
slow 7 motion as the lemur tardigradus. Its 
native name is aye- aye, which is said to be 
taken from its natural voice or cry, which 
resembles a feeble scream. 
6. Lemur volans, flying macauco, inhabits 
Guzurat, the Philippine and Molucca isles, 
is gregarious, nocturnal, feeds on fruits. See 
Plate Nat. Hist. fig. 249. 
LENS, in dioptrics, properly signifies a 
small roundish glass, of the figure of a lentil ; 
but is extended to any optic glass, not very 
thick, which either collects the rays of light 
into a point, in their passage through it, or 
disperses them further apart, according to 
the laws of refraction. See Optics. 
LEO, in astronomy, one of the twelve signs 
of the zodiac, the fifth in order ; containing, 
according to Ptolemy, thirty-two stars; uc- 
