M A R 
MAR 
105 
MAR 
3700 l© 9800 ; that of Carriera, a very line 
Indian marble, is 271 7. Black marble owes 
its colour to a slight mixture of iron. Mr. 
Bayen found some which contained live per 
cent, of the metal; notwithstanding which the 
[lime prepared from it was white, but in time 
lit acquired an ochry, or reddish-yellow co- 
lour. 
Marble, polishing of, is performed by 
first rubbing it well with a freestone, or 
i sand, till the strokes of the axe are worn off, 
[then with pumice-stone, and afterwards with 
emery. 
MARBLING, in general, the painting 
any thing with veins and clouds, so as to re- 
present those of marble. 
Marbling of books or paper is perform- 
ed thus: Dissolve four ounces of gum- 
jarabic into two quarts of fair water; then 
[provide several colours mixed with water in 
Spots or shells, and with pencils peculiar to 
teach colour, sprinkle them by way of inter- 
i mixture upon the gum-water, which must be 
put into a trough, or some broad vessel ; then 
with a stick curl them, or draw them out in 
Istreaks, to as much variety as may be done. 
: Having done this, hold your book or books 
[close together, and only dip the edges in, on 
the top of the water and colours, very lightly ; 
which done, take them off, and the plain im- 
pression of the colours in mixture will be 
upon the leaves ; doing as well the ends as 
the front of the book in the like manner. 
Marbling books on the covers is performed 
by forming clouds with aquafortis, or spirit of 
I vitriol mixed with ink, and afterwards glazing 
| the covers. 
MARCGRAVIA, a genus of the polyan- 
dria monogynia class of plants, the corolla 
whereof consists of a single petal, of a coni- 
co-oval figure ; and its fruit is a globose 
berry, with a single cell, containing a great 
number of very small seeds. There is one 
I species, a shrub of the West Indies. 
MARCHANTIA, a genus of the cryypto- 
gamia class of plants, the corolla of which is 
monopelalous, turbinated, and shorter than 
the cup; in the lower cavity of which there 
jare contained several naked seeds, of a 
roundish but compressed figure. There are 
[seven species, five of them British. 
MARC IONITES, Christians in the second 
I century, thus denominated from their leader 
Marcion, who maintained that there were two 
principles or gods, a good and a bad one. 
MARCOSIANS, a sect of Christians in the 
[second century, so called from their leader 
Marcus, who represented the supreme God 
as consisting not of a trinity, but a quaternity, 
Viz. the ineffable, silence, the father, aiid 
truth. 
MARE. See Equus. 
M A RGARITE R I A , a genus of the dice- 
cia octandria class and order. The male ca- 
lyx is four-toothed; corolla four-petalled. 
Female calyx and corolla as above; styles 
four or five. There is one species, a native 
of Surinam. 
MARICA, a genus of the trigynia monogy- 
nia class and order. The calyx is six-parted ; 
stigma petal-form, trifid ; capsule three-cell- 
ed, inferior. There is one species, a fleshy 
bulb of Guiana. 
| MARBLE A, a genus of the class and order 
polyandria monogynia. The calyx is five- 
leaved ; corolla tive-petalled ; capsule four- 
1 Vol. IL 
celled, many-seeded ; stigma simple. There 
is one species, a native of the West Indies. 
MARK, blights of St., an order of knight- 
hood in the republic of Venice, under the 
protection of St. Mark the evangelist. The 
arms of the order are, gules, a lion winged 
or, with this device, “ Pax tibi Marce evan- 
gelista.” This order is never conferred but 
on those who have done signal service to the 
commonwealth. 
Mark, or Marc, also denotes a weight 
used in several states of Europe, and for se- 
veral commodities, especially gold and silver. 
In E ranee, the mark is divided into 8 oz. or 
64 drachms, or 192 derniers or pennyweights, 
or 160 esterlines, or 300 mailles, or 640 fe- 
lins, or 4608 grains. In Holland the mark- 
weight is also called troy-weight, and is equal 
to that of France. When gold and silver are 
sokMyy the mark, it is divided into 24 earacts. 
Mark is also used among us for a money 
of account, and in some other countries for a 
coin. The English mark is two-thirds of a 
pound sterling, or 13s. Ad. and the Scotch 
mark is of equal value in Scotch money of 
account. The mark-lubs, or lubeck-mavk, 
used at Hamburgh, is also a money of ac- 
count, equal to one-third of the rix-dollar, or 
to the French livre: each mark is divided 
into i6 sols- 1 ubs. Mark-lubs is also a Da- 
nish coin equal to 16 sols-lubs. Mark is also 
a copper and silver coin in Sweden. 
MARKET. A market is less than a fair, 
and is commonly held once or twice a week. 
According to Bracton, one market ought to 
be distant from all others at least six miles 
and a half and a third of a half: but no 
market is to be kept within seven miles of the 
city of London ; but all butchers, victuallers, 
&c. may hire stalls and standings in the flesh- 
markets there, and sell meat and other provi- 
sions, four days in a week. Every person 
who lias a market is entitled to receive toll 
for the things sold in it ; and, by antient cus- 
tom, for things standing in the market, though 
nothing be sold : but by keeping a market in 
any other manner than it is granted, or ex- 
torting of tolls or fees where none are due, | 
they may be forfeited. 
In London every shop in which goods are 
exposed publicly to sale, is market overt for 
such things only as the owner professes to 
trade in : though if the sale is in a warehouse, j 
and not publicly in the shop, the property is 
not altered. But if goods are stolen from j 
one, and sold out of the market overt, the 
property is not altered, and the owner may j 
take them wherever he finds them. 5 Rep. 83. 
If a man buy his own goods in a market, ' 
the contract shall not bind him, unless the ; 
property had been previously altered by a 
former sale. 
MARLE. A mixture of carbonat of lime 
and clay, in which the carbonat consi- 
derably exceeds the other ingredient, is 
called marie. Its structure is earthy. 
Opaque, sometimes in powder. Specific 
gravity from 1.6 to 2.877. Colour usually 
grey, often tinged with other colours. Ef- 
fervesces with acids. Some marles crumble 
into powder when exposed to the air; others 
retain their hardness for many years. Maries 
may be divided into two varieties : 1. Those 
which contain more silica than alumina. 2. 
Those which contain more alumina than sili- 
ca. Mr. Kirwan has called the first of these 
siliceous, the second argillaceous marks. At- I 
O 1 
tention should be paid to this distinction when 
marles are used as a manure. 
Marle, bituminous, is found in different 
parts of Germany. Colour greyish or brown- 
ish-black. Found massive. Shistose. Piates 
flat or waved. Opaque. Feels soft. Easily 
broken. Moderately heavy. Effervesces 
with acids. Burns before the blowpipe, 
leaving black scons. 
MARLINS, in artillery, are tarred white 
skaiins, or long wreaths or lines of untwisted 
hi mp, dipped in pitch or tar, with which ca- 
bles and other ropes are wrapped round, to 
prevent their fretting and rubbing in the 
blocks or pulleys through which they pass. 
The same serves in artillery upon ropes used 
for rigging gins, usually put up in small par- 
cels called skains. 
MARMOTTE. See Mus. 
MARQUE. See Letters of Marque.. 
MARQUETRY, or Inlaid work, is a 
curious work composed of several fine hard 
pieces of wood, of various colours, fastened 
in thin slices on a ground, and sometimes en- 
riched with other matters, as silver, brass, tor- 
toise-shell, and ivory; with these assistances the 
art is now capable of imitating any thing, 
whence it is by some called the art of paint- 
ing in wood. 
The ground on which the pieces are to be 
arranged and glued is usually of well-dried 
oak or deal ; and is composed of several pieces 
giued together, to prevent its warping. The 
wood to be used in marquetry is reduced into 
leaves of the thickness of a line, or the 1 2th. 
part of an inch, and is either of its natural 
colour, or stained, Or made black to form the 
shades by other methods : this some perform 
by putting it in sand heated very hot over the 
fire; others by steeping it in lime-water and 
sublimate ; and others in oil of sulphur. The 
wood being of the proper colours, the con- 
tours of the pieces are formed according to 
the parts of the design they are to represent : 
this is the most difficult part of marquetry, 
and that which requires the most patience and 
attention. 
The two chief instruments used in this 
work are a saw and a wooden vice, which has 
one of its chaps fixed, and the other move- 
able ; which is open and shut by the foot, by 
means of a cord fastened to a treadle. 
MARQUIS, a title of honour, next in dig- 
nity to that of duke, first given to those who 
commanded the marches, that is, the borders 
and frontiers of countries. . 
Marquises were not known in England 
ti 1 the reign of king Richard II. and the year 
1337. 
MARRIAGE, a contract, both civil ^nd 
religious, between a man and a woman. 
Taking marriage in the light of a civil con- 
tract, the law treats it as it does all other con- 
tracts : allowing it to be good and valid in all 
cases where the parties, at the time of making 
it, were, in the first place, willing to con- 
tract ; secondly, able to contract ; and, last- 
ly, actually did contract in the proper forms 
and solemnities required by law. 1 Black 
433. 
By several statutes a penalty of 100/. is 
inflicted for marrying any persons without 
banns or licence. But by 25 G. II. c. 33, if 
any person shall solemnize matrimony with- 
out banns or licence obtained from sorne per- 
sons having authority to grant the same, or in 
any other place than a church or chapel where 
