120 
MEASURES. 
Proportions of the 
measures of each 
species to its prin- 
cipal measure or 
unity. 
First part of the 
name which indi- 
cates the propor- 
tion to the prin- 
cipal measure 
unity. 
10,000 
1,000 
100 
10 
< o 
0 1 
0.01 
0.001 
Myria 
Kilo 
Hecto 
Deca 
1 
Deci 
Centi 
Milli 
PRINCIPAL MEASURES OR UNITIES. 
Length. 
Capacity. 
Proportion of the principal measures' 
between themselves, and the length ( 
of the meridian. 
Value of the principal measures in 
the antient French measures. 
Metre. 
1 0,000 ,000th part 
of the dist. from the 
pole to the equator. 
Litre. 
A decimetre cube. 
3 feet 11 lines and 
i nearly. 
Value in English measures. 
Inches 39.080 
I pint and or 1 
litron and nearly. 
61.083 inches, which 
is more than the 
wine and less than 
the beer quart. 
Weight. 
Agrarian. 
Gramme. 
Weight of a centi- 
metre cube of dis- 
tilled water. 
Are. 
For firewood. 
Stere. 
100 square metres. 
18 grains and 
841,000 parts. 
22.966 grains. 
Two square perches 
des eaux et foret. 
11.968 square 
yards. 
One cubic metre. 
L demi-voie, or \ of 
a cord des eaux et 
foret. 
3. The English avoirdupois pound weighs 
7004 troy grains; whence the avoirdupois 
ounce, whereof 16 make a pound, is found 
equal to 437.7-5 troy grains. And it follows, 
that the troy pound is to the avoirdupois 
pound as 88 to 10/ nearly; for as 88 to 107, 
so is -5760 to 7003.636 : that the troy ounce is 
to the avoirdupois ounce, as 80 to 73 near- 
ly ; for as SO to 73, so is 480 to 438 : and, 
lastly, that the avoirdupois pound and ounce 
are to the Paris two-marc weight and ounce, 
as 63 to 68 nearly ; for as 63 .to 68,^0 is 7004 
to 7559.87 3. See Weight. 4. The Paris 
foot expressed in decimals is equal to 1.0654 
•. of the English foot, or contains 12.785 Eng- 
lish inches. 
3. The standard in Holland, Flanders, Swe- 
den, a good part of Germany, many of the 
Hanse-towns, as Dantzick and llaniburgh, 
and at Geneva, Franckfort, Ac. is likewise 
the ell ; but the ell in all these places differs 
.from the Paris ell. In Holland it contains 
one Paris foot 1 1 lines, or 4-sevenths of the 
Paris ell. The Flanders ell contains 2 feet 
I inch 5 lines and half a line, or 7-twelfths of 
the Paris ell. The ell of Germany, Brabant, 
he. is equal to that of Flanders. 
4. The Italian measure is the braccliio, 
brace, or fathom. This obtains in the states 
■ of Modena, Venice, Florence, Lucca, Milan, 
Mantua, Bologna, &c. but is of d liferent 
lengths. At Venice it contains 1 Pans foot, 
I I inches, 3 lines, or 8-fifteenths of the 1 aris 
ell. At Bologna, Modena, and Mantua, the 
brace is the same as at Venice. At Lucca it 
contains 1 Paris foot, 9 inches, 10 lines, or 
half a Paris ell. At Florence it contains 1 
t ,ot, 9 inches, four lines, or 49-hundit dths 
of aVaris ell. At Milan, the brace for mea- 
suring of silks is 1 Paris foot, 7 inches, 4 
lines, or 4 ninths of a Paris ell; that foi 
woollen cloths is the same with the ell of Hol- 
la;, i Lastly, atBergama, the brace is 1 foot 
7 inches 6 lines, or 5-ninths of a Paris ell. 
■The usual measure at Naples, however, is the 
canna containing 6 teet, 10 inches, and 2 
h nP , or one Paris ell and 15-seventeenths. 
5/ Tire- Spanish measure is the vara or 
' wad, in some places called tbe barra ; con- 
. «b uhm 17 twenty-fourths of the 1 aris ell. But 
the measure in Castile and Valencia is the 
pan, span, or palm ; which is used, together 
with the canna, at Genoa. In Arragon, the 
varaps equal to a Paris ell and a half, or 5 teet, 
5 inches, 6 lines. 
6. The Portuguese measure is the cave- 
dos, containing 2 feet, II lines, or four-se- 
venths of a Paiis ell; and the vara, 106 
whereof make a 100 Paris ell. 
7. The Piedmontese measure is the ras, 
containing 1 Paris foot, 9 inches 10 lines, 01 
half a Paris ell. In Sicily, their measure is 
the canna, the same with that of Naples. 
8. The Muscovite measures are the cubit, 
equal to 1 Paris foot, 4 inches, 2 lines; and 
the arcin, two whereof are equal to 3 cubits. 
9. The Turkish and Levant measures are 
the picq, containing 2 feet, 2 inches, and 2 
lines, or three-fifths of the Paris ell. I he 
Chinese measure is the cobre, ten whereof 
are equal to three Paris ells. In Persia, and 
some parts of the Indies, the gueze, of whir 
there are two kinds; the royal gueze, called 
aiso the gueze monkelser, containing 2 Paris 
feet, 10 inches, H lines, or four-fifths of the 
Paris ell; and the shorter gueze, called sim- 
ply gueze, only two-thirds of the former. At 
Goa and Ormuz, the measure is the vara, 
the same with that of the Portuguese, having 
been introduced by them. In Pegu, and 
some other parts of the Indies, the cando or 
candi, equal to the ell of Venice. At Goa, 
and other parts, they use a larger cando* 
equal to 17 Dutch ells, exceeding that of 
Babel and Balsora by | per centum, and the 
vara by 6§. In Siam, they use the ken, short 
of three Paris feet by one inch. 'J he k<u 
contains two soks, the sok two keubs, the 
keub 12 nious or inches, the niou to be 
equal to eight, grains of rice, i. c. to about 
nine lines. At Camboia they use tl. ' liaster j 
in Japan the tatam ; and the span on some of 
the coasts of Guinea. 
English Measures of Length. 
3 
Inch 
9 
3 ! Palm 
27] 
9 
3 
Span 
36 
12 
4 
Foot 
54 
18 
6 
0 
U 
Cubit 
108 
36 
12 
4 
3 
2 
Yard 
_ 
180 
60 
20 
5 
3| 
1 j 
Pace 
216 
72 
24 
8 
6 
4 
2 
EL 
s 
594 
1 198 
66 
04 
lf,-§ 
3JL 
i ° 
23760 
j 7920 
j 2640 
880 
660 
410 
220 
132 
190080 
i 63360 ; 21 1 20 7040 
1.5280 
3520 
[1760 
1056 
Fathom 
2 j Pole 
110 I 40 i Furlong 
880 |320 j 8 Mihfc 
