3§<5 
leather, when in the currying state. The 
wature and connection of the different parts o( 
this contrivance mav be understood from the 
figures and following description: 
Fig. 3 is a horizontal plan of the mill. Fig. 
4, a longitudinal section of it. Fig. b, a trans- 
verse section of it. 
A, the water-wheel, by which the whole 
machinery is worked. 
B, the shafts. 
C', the pit-wheel, which is fixed on the wa- 
ter-wi'Cel shaft B, and turns the upright shaft 
E, by the wheel F, and works the cutters and 
hammer by tapets. 
D, the spur and bevil-wheel at the top of 
the upright shafts. 
E, the upright shaft. 
F, the crown-wheel, which works in the 
pit -wheel C. 
G, the spur-nut to turn the stones I. 
P, the beam, with knives or cutters fixed 
gX the end to chop or cut the bark; which 
bark is to be put upon the cutters or grating 
i, on which the beam is to fall. 
Q, the tryal that receives the bark from the 
cutters i, and conveys it into the hopper H, 
by which it descends through the shoe J to the 
■stones 1, where it is ground. 
K, the spout, which receives the bark from 
the stones, and conveys it into the tryal L ; 
which tryal is wired to sift or dress the bark, 
as it descends from the stones I. 
M, the trough to receive the bark that 
passes through the tryal L. 
R, the hammer, to crush or bruise the 
bark that falls into the dish S, which said dish 
is on the incline, so that the hammer keeps 
forcing it out of the lower side of the said 
dish when bruised. 
k, a trough to receive the dust and moss 
that passes through the tryal Q. 
T, the bevil-wheel, that works in the wheel 
D, which works the beam-knife by a crank 
V, at the end of the shaft u. 
W, the penetrating rod, which leads from 
the crank V to the start x. 
x, the start, which has several holes in it to 
lengthen or shorten the stroke of the beam- 
knife. 
y, the shaft, to which the slide rods A, h, are 
fixed by the starts n, n. 
h, the slide-rod, oh which the knife f is 
fixed; which knife is to work the hides, See. 
On the knife are two springs a, a, to let it 
have a little play as it makes its stroke back- 
wards and forwards, so that it may not scratch 
or damage the hides, &c. 
z, is a catch in a slide-rod A, which catches on 
the arch-head e ; and the said arch-head con- 
veys the knife back without touching the hide, 
and then falls back to receive the catch again. 
/, the roller to take up the slide-rod A, 
while the hides are shifting on the beam A, 
by pulling at the handle m. 
b, the beam to work the hides, & c. on. 
Each beam has four wheels p,p, working in a 
trough-road gy g, and removed by the levers 
c, c. When the knife has worked the hide, 
&c. sufficiently in one part, the beam- is then 
shifted by the lever c as far as is wanted. 
d, a press, at the upper end of the beam, to 
hold the hide fast on the beam while work- 
ing. 
e an arch-head, on which the slide-rod A 
catches. 
/, the knife fixed on the slide-rod A, to 
work the hides, &c. 
MILL. 
i, cutters, or grating, to receive the bark 
for chopping. 
The beam P, with knives or cutters, may 
either be worked by tapers, as described, or 
by the bevil-wheel I , with a crank, as V, to 
cut the same as shears. 
The knife/ is fixed at the bottom of the 
start, which is fixed on the slide-rod A ; the 
bottom of the start is split open to admit the 
knife, the width of one foot ; the /n fie should 
have a gudgeon at each end, to fix in the 
open part of the start ; and the two springs a, 
a, prevent the knife from giving too much 
way when working ; the knife should be one 
foot long, and four or five inches broad. 
The arch-head e will, shift nearer to, or fur- 
ther from, the beam A ; and will be fixed so 
as to carry the knife back as far as is wanted, 
or it may be taken away till wanted. 
The roller / is taken up by pulling at the 
handle m, which takes up "the slide-rod so 
high as to give head-room under the beam- 
knife. Tim handle may be hung upon a 
hook for that purpose. The slide-rod will 
keep running upon the roller all the time the 
hide is shifting; and when the hide is fixed 
the knife is put on the beam again by letting 
it down by the handle m. There may be tw o 
or more knives at work on one beam at the 
same time, by having different slide-rods. 
There should be two beams, so that the work- 
men could be shifting one hide, &c. while the 
other was working. The beam must be flat, 
and a little on the incline. As to the breadth 
it does not matter; the broader it is the less 
shifting of the hides will be wanted, as the le- 
ver c will shift them as far as the width of the 
hide, if required. Mr. Bagnall has formed a 
kind of press d, to let down, by a lever, to 
hold the hide fast on each side of the knife, if 
required, so that it will suffer the knife to 
make its back stroke without pulling the hide 
up as it comes back. The slide-rod may be 
weighted, to cause tire knife to lay stress on 
the hide, &c. according to the kind and con- 
dition of the goods to be worked. 
FI ides and skins for the skinner’s use are 
worked in the same way as for the tanners. 
Scouring of tanned leather for the currier’s 
use will be done on the beam, the same as 
working green hides. It is only taking the 
knife away, and fixing a stone in the same 
manner as the knife by the said joint, and to 
have a brush fixed to go either before or after 
the stone. The leather will be better secured 
this way than by hand, and much sooner. 
The whole machinery may be worked by 
water, wind, steam, or any other power. 
And that part of the machinery which relates 
to the beaming part of tire hides may be fixed 
to any horse bark-mill, or may be worked by 
a horse, or other power, separately. See 
Gregory’s valuable work on Mechanics, to 
which we have been indebted for this part of 
the present article and some others, particu- 
larly the table of specific gravities in vol. 1. 
The following is a description of Mr. Ter- 
ry’s improved mill for grinding hard sub- 
stances : Fig. 6, A, is the hopper ; B, a spi- 
ral wire, in the form of a reversed cone, to 
regulate the delivery of the articles to be 
ground ; C, an inclined iron plate, hung upon 
a pin on its higher end : the lower end rests 
on the grooved axis D, and agitates the wire 
B ; D is the grinding cylinder, which acts 
against the channeled iron plate E ; F, a 
screw on the side of the mill, by means of 
which the iron plate E is brought nearer to, 
or removed farther from, the axis D, accord- 
ing as the article is wanted finer or coarser ; 
G, the handle by which motion is given to the 
axis ; H, the tube whence the articles, when 
ground, are received. 
Mill far grinding colours . A machine 
of this kind was invented a few years ago by 
Mr. Rawlinson, for which he was presented 
with the gold medal by the society lor the 
encouragement of arts, manufactures, & c.- 
the description of which is as follows: 
A, fig. 7, is the roller, or cylinder, made 
of marble ; B is the concave mu Her, co vering 
one-third of the roller of the same marble , \ 
and is fixed in a wooden frame b, which is 
hung to the frame E, at ii. C is a piece of 
iron about an inch broad, to keep the muller 
steady, and is fixed to the frame with a joint 
at/. " 'I'lie small Gliding screw, with the fly- 
out that passes through the centre of the iron 
plate ate, is for the purpose of laying more- 
pressure on the muller, it required, and to- 
keep it more steady. L) is a taker-off, mads 
of a clock-spring, about half an inch broad, 
and fixed to a similar frame-saw, in an iron 
frame K, in an inclined position to the roller, 
and turning on pivots at dd. G is a slide- 
board, to draw out occasionally, to clean, and 
to sustain the plate H, to catch the colour 
on as it falls from the taker-off. F is a drawer, 
for the purpose of containing curriers’ shav- 
ings, which are the best things for cleaning 
paint-mills. 
We shall now add an account of an im- 
proved mill for grinding indigo, or other dry 
colouis. Lyfig. 8, represents a mortar made 
of hard marble, or hard stone; M, a muller, 
nearly in the form of a pear, in the upper 
part of which an iron axis is firmly fixed ; 
which axis, at the parts NN, turns in grooves 
or slits, cut in two pieces of oak, projecting 
horizontally from a wall ; and when the axis 
is at work, it is secured in the grooves by iron, 
pins, 00. P, the handle, which forms part 
of the axis, and by which the grinder is 
worked. Q, the wall, in which the oak 
pieces, NN, are fixed. 11, a weight, which 
may occasionally be added, if more power 
is wanted. Fig. 9 shews the muller, with its 
axis, separate from the other machinery ; its 
bottom should be made to fit the mortar. S, 
is a groove cut through the stone. The in- 
digo, &c. to be ground, is thrown above the. 
muller into the mortar ; on turning the han- 
dle the lumps fail into the groove cut through 
the muller, and are thence drawn under its ac- 
tion, and driven to the outer edge within the 
mortar, from whence the coarser particles! 
again fall into the groove of the muller, and 
are again ground under it. A wooden cover, 
in (wo halves, with a hole for the axis, is 
usually placed upon the mortar, during the 
operation, to prevent loss of colour, or bad 
elfect to the operator. 
Mill, Foot, is a mill for grinding corn or 
any other substance, moved by the pressure 
of the feet of men or animals. In some foot- , 
mills a horse or an ox is fixed to a stall upon a 
floor above a vertical wheel ; and a hole is 
made in the floor in the place where the hind 
feet of the animal should stand ; thus ad- i 
milting those feet to press upon the rim of a 
wheel, and cause the wheel to turn upon its 
axle, and give motion to the whole mill. But 
in this kind of machine tire animal will be 
obliged very unnaturally to move his hind 
