MINERALOGY. 
First species. Native mercury, .or quick- 
silver. 
The colour is tin-white ; it occurs perfect- 
ly fluid in globules, is splendent, and has a 
metallic lustre, does not wet, feels very cold, 
and is uncommonly heavy. Before the blow- 
pipe it is volatilized, without any smell. It 
is usually found in cinnabar at Idria. It oc- 
curs in a compact limestone, and here it is 
very abundant. It is likewise produced in 
different parts of Germany, France, Spain, 
and in very large quantities in Peru. 
T he uses of quicksilver are multifarious, 
and cannot be enumerated in this place. 
Second species. Natural amalgam. 
Fluid or semi-fluid amalgam is of an inter- 
mediate colour between tin and silver-white. 
It occurs in small massive pieces and in balls, 
also disseminated and chrystallized in diffe- 
rent forms. Externally it is shining and 
splendent, is soft and somewhat fluid ; when 
cut or pressed, it emits a creaking sound like 
natural amalgam, and is uncommonly heavy. 
! Third species. Mercurial horn-ore, or cor- 
neous mercury. 
Is of an ash-grey colour, of various degrees 
of intensity; occurs very rarely massive, but 
commonly in small vesicles, internally chry- 
stallized and splendent. It is soft, ‘sectile, 
easily frangible, and heavy. It is usually 
found with the other species of mercury, and 
is produced in the same countries. It was 
first discovered in tiie mines of the Palatinate. 
Fourth species. Mercurial liver-ore, or 
mercurial hepatic ore. 
Compact mercurial liver-ore, is of an in- 
termediate colour between dark-red and lead- 
grey, occurs massive, is glistening and glim- 
mering internally, opaque, soft, sectile, easily 
frangible, and uncommonly heavy. It is the 
most common ore of mercury at Friaul in 
Idria. 
Fifth species. Cinnabar. 
Dark-red cinnabar, is principally of a per- 
fect cochineal red, occurs massive, dissemi- 
nated, in blunt-cornered pieces, in mem- 
branes, amorphous, dendritic, fruticose, and 
chrystallized. The chrystals are small, splen- 
dent externally, and shining internally. The 
massive cinnabar is opaque or translucent on 
the t;dges, very soft, sectile, easily frangible, 
and uncommonly heavy. 
Bright-red cinnabar is of a lively scarlet- 
jvd colour. It occurs massive and" dissemi- 
nated, is internally glimmering, substance 
opaque, streak shining, soils, is very soft, sec- 
tile, very easily frangible, and very heavy. 
Both belong to the same countries with quick- 
silver. In Idria, Spain, and Peru, this genus 
is most abundant, it does not occur in Nor- 
way, Sweden, Great Britain, or Ireland. From 
the ore of cinnabar the greatest part of the 
mercury used in commerce is obtained. 
Fourth Genus. Silver. 
First species. Native Silver. 
Common native silver is of the colour the 
name expresses. It occurs massive, disse- 
minated, in pieces, plates,- and membranes, 
as weil as in other forms, besides being chry- 
stallized in cubes, octahedrons, four-sided rec- 
t angu. a r prisms, double six-sided pyramids, 
double three-sided pyramids, and hollow four- 
sided pyramids. It is soft, perfectlv mal- 
leable, common flexible, and very "heavy 
when pure. It appears to belong to the 
newer primitive rocks, where it occurs in 
veins, and is usually accompanied with heavy 
spar and quartz. 
Second species. Antimonial silver. 
The colour is intermediate between tin- 
white and silver-white. It occurs massive, 
disseminated, and chrystallized, is externally 
glistening, internally shining and splendent, 
with a metallic lustre. It is found in coarse, 
small, and fine granular distinct concretions, 
is sectile, not very difficultly frangible, soft, 
and uncommonly heavy. It contains upwards 
of 80 parts of silver. It occurs in veins com- 
posed of calx, spar, &c. in Spain, Germany, 
and other countries. 
Third species. Arsenical silver. 
The colour is tin-white, passing into silver- 
white. It occurs massive, disseminated, glo- 
bular, and chrystallized ; is sottish, sectile, and 
very heavy. It contains about 12 parts of 
silver, much arsenic and iron, and is usually 
found with native arsenic and other minerals 
in Germany and Spain, but is a rare mineral. 
Fourth species. Corneous silver-ore, or 
horn-ore. 
The colour is most frequently a pearl-grey, 
of all degrees of intensity. It occurs massive, 
disseminated, in membranes, balls, and also 
' chrystallized in cubes and in acicular and 
capillary chrystals. It is more or less trans- 
lucent, soft, perfectly malleable, and heavy. 
It contains upwards of 60 parts of silver, and 
is found always in veins. It is widely distri- 
buted over the globe, but is most abundant 
in South America. It is sometimes found in 
Cornwall, and receives its name from cutting 
like horn. 
Fifth species. Silver-blacJc. 
The colour is a blueish-black, whence its 
name. It occurs massive, disseminated, and 
in various other forms, of all degrees of con- 
sistence, from friable to solid. It gives a 
shining metallic streak, soils very little, is 
easily frangible, sectile, and heavy. It is 
found with silver-glance and horn-ore in 
Hungary, Bohemia, Norway, and Siberia. 
Sixth species. Silver-glance 
Is of a dark-blackish lead-grey colour, oc- 
curs usually massive, disseminated, in mem- 
branes, & c. and also chrystallized in cubes, 
octahedrons, garnet dodecahedrons, and 
double eight-sided pyramids. Externally it 
is shining and glistening ; internally it alter- 
nates from shining to glistening, and has a 
metallic lustre. It is soft, completely mal- 
leable, pretty flexible, and uncommonly 
heavy, containing upwards of 80 parts of 
pure silver ; and is found in veins, along with 
native silver and other minerals, in Hungary, 
Austria, and other countries of Europe, but 
more particularly in Mexico and Peru. 
Seventh species. Brittle silver-glance. 
The colour is intermediate between iron- 
black and dark lead-grey. It occurs massive, 
disseminated, in membranes, and frequently 
chrystallized in equiangular six-sided prisms, 
.and rectangular four-sided tables. Exter- 
nally it is highly splendent, internally shining 
and glistening. It is soft, brittle, easily 
frangible, and uncommonly heavy, contain- 
ing upwards of 60 parts of silver. It is found 
always in veins, accompanied with other mi- 
D d~2 
2lt 
nerals, and principally in Hungary and Sax 
ony. 
Eighth species. Red silver-ore. 
Dark-red silver-ore is intermediate be- 
tween cochineal-red and lead-grey. It oc- 
curs massive, disseminated, dendritic, in 
membranes, and chrystallized in equiangular 
six-sided prisms. It is externally splendent; 
internally it alternates from shining to glim- 
mering. The massive varieties are opaque ; 
the chrystallized passing from semi to transpa- 
rent. It is soft, sectile, easily frangible, and 
heavy. 
This species occurs always in veins, ac- 
companied with other minerals, and is found 
in Bohemia, Hungary, Norway, and other 
countries. 
Ninth species. White silver-ore. 
The colour is a very light lead-grey. It 
occurs massive and disseminated, has a me- 
tallic lustre, a shining streak, is soft, slightly 
flexible, easily frangible, and heavy. It con- 
tains large quantities of lead, sulphur, and an- 
timony, and scarcely 10 parts of silver. It is 
always found in veins, and chiefly near Frev- 
berg. 
Tenth species. Black silver -ore. 
The principal colour is iron-black, inclin- 
ing to steel-grey. It occurs massive, disse- 
minated, and chrystallized in three-sided py- 
ramids. Internally it is shining w ith a me- 
tallic lustre. It is semihard, sectile, easily 
frangible, and heavy. 
Fifth Genus. Copper, which see. 
First species. Native capper. 
The colour is copper-red, but frequently tar- 
nished. It occurs massive, disseminated, and 
in various other forms, besides being chry- 
stallized in cubes, dodecahedrons, See. It is 
intermediate between semihard and soft, 
completely malleable, common flexible, dif- 
ficultly frangible, and very heavy. It is usu- 
ally found in veins and sometimes in beds, 
and is produced in Cornwall, Anglesea, the 
Shetland islands, and many other countries 
of Europe, Asia, and America. Copper may 
be applied to a vast number of useful pur- 
poses, and is next to iron the most necessary 
of metals. 
Second species. Copper-glance. 
Compact copper-glance is usually of a 
dark lead-colour, passing into blackish- grey. 
It occurs massive, disseminated, in mem- 
branes, and occasionally chrystallized ; exter- 
nally shining, internally between shining and 
glistening. It is soft, perfectly sectile, easily 
frangible, and heavy. 
Third species. Variegated copper ore. 
Its colour, when dug, is intermediate between 
copper-red and pinchbeck-brown, but it soon 
becomes tarnished. It occurs massive, dis- 
seminated in plates, membranes, and chry- 
stallized in octahedrons. It is soft, slightly 
sectile, easily frangible, and heavy ; and is 
found in beds, veins, and rocks of different 
formations, in Cornwall, and various parts of 
continental Europe. It yields about 7i> 
parts of pure copper. 
Fourth species. Copper pyrites. 
When fresh, its colour is brass-yellow, of dif- 
ferent shades according to its richness. It oc- 
curs massive, disseminated in membranes. Sec . 
and also chrystallized in various figures. Ex- 
ternally it is intermediate between glisten in j 
