212 
MINERALOGY. 
and shining, Internally soft; is between 
semi hard and soft, brittle, easily frangible, 
and heavy. 
Fifth species. While copper- ore 
Isofan intermediate colour between diver- 
white and bronze-yellow : occurs massive and 
disseminated ; is internally glistening, with a 
metallic lustre ; rather soft, brittle, easily 
frangible, and heavy. It is found in veins 
and mineral beds in primitive mountains, 
find is produced in Cornwall, in different 
'parts of Germany, in Siberia, and in South 
America ; but it is one of the rarest species 
of copper ore. 
Sixth species. Grey copper ore, or 
Fahl ore. 
The most common colour is steel - 
& ey : it occurs massive, disseminated, and 
also crystallized in tetrahedrons, octahedrons, 
find garnet dodecahedrons. It is more or 
less semihard, brittle, easily frangible, and 
lieav-y ; and is found in the newer primitive 
rocks, and likewise in transitive and floetz 
rocks, in several mines of Cornwall, in Ger- 
many, Italy, Sweden, Norway, Siberia, and 
Chili. it is usually smelted on account of 
the copper it contains. 
Seventh species. Copper black. 
The colour is usually intermediate between 
bluish and brownish-black : it occurs massive, 
or disseminated, and as a coating, to other ores 
ot copper ; is always more or less cohering, 
and heavy, containing from 40 to 50 parts 
of copper. It is usually found with copper 
pyrites, &c. and is produced in Silesia, 
Germany, France, Sweden, Norway, and 
Siberia. Sometimes it is very beautiful. 
Eighth species. Fed copper ore. 
Compact red copper is usually of a dark co- 
chineal-red colour; occurs massive, in mem- 
branes, crowded, amorphous, and also dis- 
seminated. Internally it is glimmering, in- 
clining to glistening, with a semimctallic 
lustre: it is opaque, semihard, brittle, easily 
frangible, anu heavy. 
Ninth species. Tile ore. 
Earthy tile ore is usually of a red hyacinth 
colour; massive, disseminated, and intrusting 
copper pyrites; is intermediate between 
friable and solid, soils slightly, is almost al- 
ways coherent, and is heavy. It is found 
in veins, commonly accompanied with native 
copper ore and malachite. 
Tenth species. Copper azure . 
Earthy copper azure is of a smalt-blue co- 
lour; usually friable, and disseminated; is 
composed of dusty particles, does not soil, is 
chiefly cohering, find approaches to heavy. 
It is found in small quantities, usually ac- 
companied with malachite and copper green, 
in different parts of Germany, in Norway, and 
Siberia. 
Eleventh species. Malachite, which see. 
Twelfth species. Copper green. 
The principal colour is verdigris-green, of 
different degrtes of intensity : it usually occurs 
massive, disseminated, and coating mala- 
chite ; is internally shining ; more or less 
transluscent, soft, not very brittle, easily 
frangible, and intermediate between heavy 
and not particularly heavy. It is found in 
the same geognostic situation with malachite, 
in Cornwall and other countries, but is rare. 
Thirteenth species. Iron-shot copper 
green. 
Earthy iron-shot copper green is usu- 
ally of an olive-green colour; occurs 
massive, and disseminated ; is dull, soils a 
little, soft, passing into friable, not very 
brittle, easily frangible, and not particularly 
heavy. 
Fourteenth species. Copper emerald. 
The colour is an emerald-green. It occurs in 
chrystullized six-sided prisms, which are ex- 
ternally and internally shining, with a vitre- 
ous lustre, and transluscent. It is semihard, 
brittle, and not particularly heavy; and is 
found in the remoter parts of the Russian 
dominions, and on the Chinese frontiers. 
Fifteenth species. Copper mica 
Is usually of an emerald-green colour : it 
occurs massive, disseminated, and occasionally 
chrystallized in very thin six-sided tables. 
Externally it is smooth and splendent, inter- 
nally splendent with a pearly lustre. The 
massive varieties are translucent; the chry- 
stallized transparent. It is soft, s- ctile, not 
very brittle, nor particularly heavy ; and has 
hitherto been found only 'in veins in Corn- 
wall, where it passes under the unscientific 
name of foliatic arseniat of copper. 
Sixteenth species . Lenticular ore. 
1 he colour is sky-blue, sometimes passing 
into verdigris green. It occurs chrystallized 
in small, flat, double, four-sided pyramids ; 
is externally shining; translucent, soft, rather 
brittle, and very easily frangible. Hitherto 
it has been found only in Cornwall. 
Seventeenth species. Oliven ore. 
Foliated oliven ore is of a perfect olive- 
green : seldom occurs massive, usually in 
drusy crusts, and in small chrystals, present- 
ing acute rhomboids, and oblique four-sided 
prisms. Internally it is glistening, with an 
adamantine lustre. Tt is very soft, sectile, 
and heavy in a low degree ; and has hitherto 
been found only in Cornwall. 
Sixth Genus. Iron. 
First species. Native iron 
Is of a light steel-grey colour, inclining to 
silver white : it has hitherto been found only 
ramose ; internally it is intermediate between 
glimmering and glistening, with a perfect me- 
tallic lustre, and a hackly fracture. It is be- 
tween soft and semihard, perfectly malleable, 
common flexible, difficultly frangible, and un- 
commonly heavy. Hitherto it has been 
found only in loose masses on the surface of 
the earth, and is a rare production. 
Second species. Iron pi/rites. 
Common iron pyrites is usually of a perfect 
bronze-yellow colour : it occurs massive, dis- 
seminated, in membranes, and also chrystalliz- 
ed in cubes, octahedrons, dodecahedrons, ico- 
sahedrons, and leuzite chrystals. It is hard, 
brittle, and heavy, and when rubbed or 
struck with steel, emits a strong sulphureous 
smell. It occurs in almost every kind of 
mineral repository, but most commonly in 
granite : its geographic distribution is equally 
extensive, but it is principally valued on 
account of the sulphur which may be ex- 
tracted from it by sublimation. 
Third species. Magnetic pyrites 
Is of an intermediate colour between bronze- 
yeliow and copper-red : it occurs massive and 
disseminated ; is internally shining, with a 
metallic lustre, passes from hard to semi- 
hard, is brittle, easily frangible, and heavy. 
It is attracted by the magnet ; is found 
only in primitive mountains, in Caernar- 
vonshire, in several parts of Germany, in 
Norway, and Siberia ; and is used for the- 
same purposes as common pyrites. 
lourth species. Magnetic iron-stone. 
1 Common magnetic iron-stone is of an iron- 
black colour : is massive, disseminated, and 
also. chrystallized in cubes, octahedrons, and 
garnet dodecahedrons, and rectangular four- 
sided prisms. Jt is externally shining; in- 
t ernail_> between splendent and glistening, 
wiih a metallic lustre; is intermediate be- 
tween hard and semihard, brittle, and 
heavy, it occurs most frequently in pri- 
mitive mountains, and is found in the Shet- 
iaiuis, many parts ot Germany, and other 
countries, particularly Sweden. When pure 
it affords excellent bar iron. 
Fifth species. Iran glance. 
Common iron glance is usually of a dark, 
steel-grey colour, with several different 
shades. It commonly occurs massive and 
disseminated, and also chrystallized in flat, 
double, three-sided pyramids, and in double 
three-sided pyramids. Externally it alter- 
nates from splendent to glistening ; infernally 
it is most commonly glistening/ It is hard, 
brittle, heavy, and rather difficultly frangible. 
It occurs in beds and veins in primitive and 
transitive mountains, and is found in con- 
siderable quantities in Sweden and other 
countries, and affords, when smelted, an ex- 
cellent malleable iron. 
Sixth species. Red iron-stone. 
Red iron froth. The colour is interme- 
diate between cherry-red and brownish-red. 
It occurs commonly triable, massive, some- 
times coating and disseminated, and is com- 
posed of scaly particles, which are glimmer- 
ing, and have a semi-metallic; lustre. It soils, 
strongly, feels greasy, and is pretty heavy. 
It is found usually in veins, and chiefly In 
primitive mountains in Lancashire, Cornwall, 
Noi way, Germany* and Chili, and produces 
good iron. 
Seventh species.. Brown iron-stone. 
Brown iron froth is of an intermediate co- 
lour between steel-grey and clove-brown, and 
is between fri .ble and solid. It occurs mas- 
she, coating, spumous, &c. and is composed 
of scaly particles,, shining and glistening, 
with a metallic lustre. It soils strongly, feels 
greasy, and is very light. It is commonly 
found lining drusy cavities, in brown hema- 
tite, in the Shetland isles, in various parts of 
Germany, and in Chili. 
Eighth species. Sparry iron-stone. 
1 lie principal colour is a light yellowish- 
grey, which, on exposure to the air or heat,, 
changes into brown or black. It occurs 
massive, disseminated, with pyramidal im- 
pressions, in plates, and chrystallized. It is 
found in granular distinct concretions, com- 
monly translucent on the edges, semihard, 
not very brittle, easily frangible, and heavy! 
It is chiefly confined to the primitive and 
floetz mountains, and is produced in small- 
quantities in England, Scotland, and Ireland ;. 
but on the continent it is in some places 
very abundant, and affords an iron which is 
excellently adapted for steel-making. 
