225 
MOS 
M 0 R 
a fter execut i on for the charitable use intended ; 
and be without any power of revocation, re' 
scrvation, or trust, for benefit of the donor. 
And all gifts and appointments whatsoever, of 
any lands, tenements, or other hereditaments, 
or of any estate or interest therein, or of any 
charge or incumbrance affecting or to affect 
any lands, tenements, or hereditaments, or any 
personal estate to be laid out in the purchase of 
any lands, tenements, or hereditaments, or any 
estate or interest therein, or of any charge or 
incumbrance affecting or to affect the same, 
to or in trust for any charitable use whatso- 
ever, made in any other manner than is di- 
rected by this act, shall be absolutely null 
and void. But the two universities, their 
colleges, and the scholars upon the founda- 
tion of the colleges at Eton, Westminster, 
find Winchester, are excepted out of this act ; 
but with this proviso, that no college shall 
be at liberty to purchase more advowsons 
than are equal in number to one moiety of 
the fellows or students upon the respective 
fpundations. 
MORES, the mulberry-tree, a genus 
of the tetrandria order, in the monoecia class 
of plants ; and in the natural method ranking 
under the .53d order, scabridae. The male ca- 
Jvx is quadripartite ; and there is no corolla: 
the female calyx is tetraphyllous ; there is no 
corolla; two styles ; the calyx like a berry, 
with one seed. There are seven species, viz. 
I. I he nigra, or common black-fruited mul- 
berry-tree, rises with an upright, large, rough 
trunk, dividing intoa branchy and very spread- 
xng head, rising 20 feet high, or more. 2. 
I ne alba, or white mulberry-tree, rises with 
•in upright trunk, branching 20 or 30 feet 
high. There is a variety with purplish fruit. 
3. 1 he papyrifera, or paper mulberry-tree of 
Japan, grows 20 or 30 feet high ; having large 
pal mated leaves, some trilobate, others quin- 
quelobed ; and monoecious flowers, succeeded 
by small back fruit. 4. 'The rubra, or red 
Virginia mulberry-tree, grows 30 feet high ; 
and has large reddish berries. 5. The tinctoria, 
dyer s mulberry, or fustic, has oblong leaves 
more extended on one side at the base, with 
axillary thorns. It is a native of Brasil and 
Jamaica. 6'. The tartarica, or Tartarian mul- 
berry, has ovate oblong leaves, equal on both 
sides, and equally serrated. It abounds on 
the banks of the Wolga and the Tanais. 7. 
the Indica, or Indian mulberry, has ovate ob- 
long leaves, equal on both sides, but unequally 
serrated. 
i he last three species are tender plants in > 
this country ; but the four first are very hardy, 
and succeed in any common soil and situation. 
'The leaves are generally late before they 
come out, the buds seldom beginning to 
till the middle or towards the latter end of 
May, according to the temperature of the 
season ; and when these trees, in particular, 
begin to expand their foliage, it is a good sign 
of the near approach of fine warm settled wea- 
ther ; the white mulberry, however, is gene- 
rally forwarder in leafing than the black. 
Considered as fruit-trees, the nigra is the 
only proper sort to cultivate here ; the trees 
being not only the most plentiful bearers, 
but the fruit is larger and much finer-flavoured 
than that of the white kind, which is the only 
ether sort that bears in this country. The 
three next species are chiefly employed to 
form variety in our ornamental plantations ; 
though abroad they are adapted to more use- 
ful purposes. The wood of the mulberry-tree 
is yellow, tolerably hard, and may be applied 
to various uses in turnery and carving: but 
in order to separate the bark, which is rough, 
thick, thready, and lit for being made into 
ropes, it is proper to steep the wood in water. 
Mulberry-trees are noted for their leaves af- 
fording the principal food of that valuable in- 
sect the silkworm. The leaves of the alba, or 
white species, are preferred for this purpose in 
Europe ; but in China wherethe bestsilkismade 
the worms are said to he fed with those of the 
moms tartarica. The advantages of white 
mulberry-trees are not confined to the nou- 
rishment of worms : they may be cut every 
three or four years like sallows and poplar 
trees, to make faggots; and the sheep eat 
their leaves in winter, before they are burnt. 
This kind of food, of which they are extremely 
fond, is very nourishing; it gives a delicacy to 
the flesh, and a fineness and beauty to the 
wool. 
The papyrifera, or paper-mulberry, is so 
called from the paper chiefly used by the Ja- 
panese being made of the bark of its branches. 
The leaves of this species also serve for food 
to the silkworm, and it is now cultivated with 
success in France. It thrives best in sandy 
soils, grows faster than the common mulberry, 
and at the same time is not injured by the cold. 
M. de la Bouviere affirms that he procured 
a beautiful vegetable silk from the bark of the 
young branches of this species of mulberry, 
which he cut while the tree was in sap, and 
afterwards beat and steeped. The women of 
Louisiana procure the same kind of produc- 
tion from the shoots which issue from the stock 
of the mulberry, and which are four or five 
feet high. After taking off the bark, they dry 
it in the sun, and then beat it that the exter- 
nal part may fall off; and the internal part, 
which is fine bark, remains entire. This is 
again beaten, to make it still finer: after which 
they bleach it with dew. It is then spun, 
and various fabrics are made from it, such as 
nets and fringes: they even sometimes weave 
it, and make it into cloth. The finest sort of 
cloth among the inhabitants of Otaheite and 
others of the South Sea islands, is made of the 
bark of this tree. 
The tinctoria is a fine timber-tree, and a 
principal ingredient in most of our yellow dyes, 
for which it is chiefly imported into Europe. 
The berries are sweet and wholesome ; hut not 
much used, except by the winged tribe, by 
whose care it is chiefly planted. 
MOSAIC, or mosaic-work, an assemblage 
of little pieces of glass, marble, precious 
stones, &c. of various colours, cut square 
and cemented on a ground of stucco, in such a 
manner as to imitate the colours of painting. 
MOSCIiUS, musk, a genus of quadru- 
peds of the order pecora: the generic cha- 
racter is, horns none ; front teeth in the lower 
jaw eight ; tusks solitary, in the upper jaw 
exserted. 
1. Moschus moschiferus, Tibetian musk. 
The musk is one of those quadrupeds whose 
true form and natural history appear to have 
continued in great obscurity long after the in- 
troduction and general use of the celebrated 
perfume which it produces. To the antients 
it was unknown, and was first mentioned by 
the Arabians, whose physicians used the drug 
in their practice. The animal was by some 
considered as a kind of goat, by others as a 
species of deer or antelope, and was, of course, 
MOS 
supposed to be a horned animal ; nor was i£ 
till about the decline of the seventeenth cen- 
tury that a tolerably accurate description or 
figure was to be found. 
The size and general appearance of this ' 
animal resemble those of a small roebuck. It I 
measures about three feet three inches in. 1 
length, about two feet three inches in 
height from the top of the shoulders to the I 
bottom of the fore-feet, and two feet nine ] 
inches from the top of the haunches to the hot- I 
tom of the hind feet. The upper jaw is con- ] 
siderably longer than the lower, and is fur- l 
lushed on each side with a curved tusk about I 
two inches long. These tusks are of a dif- 
ferent form from those of any other quadruped 
being sharp-edged on their inner or lower side, ; 
so as to resemble, insome degree, a pair of .small i 
crooked knives: their substance is a kind of • 
ivory, as in the tusks of the babyrussa and some 
other animals. 
The general colour of the whole body is a 
kind of deep iron-grey ; the tips of the hairs j 
being of a ferruginous cast, the remainder 
blackish, growing much paler or whitish to- j 
wards the roots. See Plate Nat. Hist. fig. 27fl. ! 
The female is smaller than the male, and 
wants the tusks : it has also two small teats. 
They are hunted for the sake of their well- ; 
known perfume : which is contained in an oval 
receptacle about the size of a small egg, hang- j 
ingfrom the middle of the abdomen, and pi - 
culiar to the animal. This receptacle is found 
constantly filled with a soft, unctuous, brown- 
ish substance, of the most powerful and pene- i 
trating smell ; and which is no other than the 
perfume in its natural state. As soon as the 
animal is killed, the hunters cutoff the recep— ] 
tacie or musk-bag, and tie it up ready for sale.. I 
"The animals must of necessity be extremely 
numerous in some parts, since we are assured 
by Tavernier, the celebrated merchant and; j 
traveller, that he purchased, in one of his < 
Eastern journeys, no less than seven thousand 
six hundred and seventy-three musk-bags. 
So violent is the smell of musk, when fresh- 1 
taken from the animal, or from quantities put 
up by the merchants for sale, that it has been 
known to force the blood from the nose, eyes,, j 
and ears, of those who have imprudently in- 
haled its vapouis. 
As musk is an expensive drug, it is frequently ] 
adulterated by various substances; and we are ] 
assured that- pieces of lead have been found in I 
some of the receptacles, inserted in order to- j 
increase the weight. The smell of musk is so 1 
remarkably diffusive, that every tiling in itR 
neighbourhood becomes strongly infected with- j 
it; even a silver cup that has had musk in it 
does not part with the scent, though other j 
odours are in general very readily discharged 
from metallic substances. 
As a medicine it is held in high estimation. 1 
in the Eastern countries, and has now been in- 1 
traduced into pretty general use among our- 
selves, especially in those disorders which are 
commonly termed nervous; and in convulsive 
and other cases, it is often exhibited in pretty 
large doses with great success. 
2. Moschus Indicus, or the Indian musk.. ] 
This species is said to be rather larger than the 
common or Tibetian musk, of the colour men- 
tioned in the specific character, with the head 
shaped like that of a horse, upright oblong 
ears, and slender legs. It is a native of India. 
3. Moschus pygmaus, or the pygmy musk, 
is considerably smaller than a domestic cat,,. 
