T H A 
V H A 
P H A 
one ounce ; cinnamon in powder, express- 
ed oil of nutmeg, of each half an 'ounce ; 
oil of spearmint one drachm. To the 
melted frankincense add first the lada- 
num, softened by heat, then the expressed 
oil of nutmeg; afterwards mix these and 
the cinnamon with the oil of mint, and 
beat them in a warm mortar. Keep the 
plaster in a close vessel. 
This as a stimulant application is su- 
perior to the preceding. 
Emplastrum lithargyri compositum, com- 
pound litharge plaster, Ph. Loud. 
Take of litharge plasterthree pounds; strain- 
ed galbanum, eight ounces; common tur- 
pentine, ten drachms ; frankincense, three 
ounces. Mix the frankincense, rubbed to 
powder, with the galbanum and turpentine 
melted, and add the litharge plaster melted 
with a -slow. fire. 
Emplastrum picis Burgundies composi- 
tum, compound Burgundy pitch plaster, Ph. 
Lond, 
Take of Burgundy pitch two pounds ; lada- 
num, one pound; yellow resin, yellow wax, 
of each four ounces; expressed oil of nut- 
meg, one ounce. To the pitch resin and 
wax melted together, add first the lada- 
nurn, then the oil of nutmeg. 
Emplastrum thuris compositum, com- 
pound frankincense plaster, Ph. Lond. 
Take of 'frankincense half a pound; dragon’s 
blood, three ounces ; litharge plaster, two 
pounds. To the litharge plaster melted, 
add the others rubbed to powder. 
This is employed as a strengthening 
■plaster. 
Cataplnsmata, cataplasms. 
Cataplasma aluminis, alum cataplasm, 
.Ph Lond. 
Take the whites of two eggs, agitate them 
with a piece of alum until a coagulum is 
formed. 
Applied in some kinds of ophthalmia. 
Cataplasma cumini, cumin cataplasm, Ph. 
Lond. 
Take of cumin one pound; bay berries, 
dried scordium, Virginian snake root, of 
each three ounces.; cloves one ounce. 
Rub them all together into powder, and 
having added three times their weight of 
honey, form a cataplasm. 
Cataplasma sinapeos, mustard cataplasm, 
Ph. Lond. 
Take of mustard in powder, crumbs of bread, 
of each half a pound; warm vinegar as 
much as is sufficient. Mix so as to form 
a cataplasm. 
This is the sinapism which is usually ap- 
plied to the soles of the feet, as a stimulant 
in the last stages of typhoid fever, and in other 
affections of debility. 
A table shelving the quantity of opium, 
antimony, and quicksilver, in the different 
compound medicines of the Edinburgh and 
London Pharmacopoeias. 
Vinum tartritis antimonii, Ed. has two 
grains of tartrite of antimony in each ounce. 
Vinum antimonii tartarisati, Lond. has four 
grains of the tartrite of antimony (antim. 
tart.) in each ounce. 
Tinctura opii, Ed. lias three grains and a 
ball of opium to one drachm of the tincture. 
Tinct. opii, Lond. has one grain of opium in 
each thirteen drops of the tincture. 
Tinct. opii ammoniata, Ed. has rather more 
Vox, II. 
than a grain of opium in each drachm of the 
tincture. Tinct. opii camphorata, Loud, 
has a grain of opium to halt an ounce of the 
tincture. 
Tinctura saponis cum opio, Ed. has a 
scruple otf opium in each ounce of the liquid. 
Pulvis ipecacuanha et opii, Ed. has a grain 
of opium in ten grains of the powder. Pulv. 
ipecacuanha; compositus, Lond. the same. 
Pulvis opiatus, Ed. and Lond. ten grains 
contain a grain of opium. 
Electuarium catechu, Ed. has in each 
ounce about two grains and a half of opium. 
Electuarium opiatum, Ed. has in each 
drachm a grain and a half of opium. Con- 
fectio opiata, Lond. has one grain of opium 
to thirty-six of the mass. 
Pilulae hydrargyri, Ed. has fifteen grains of 
mercury to each drachm, Lond. a grain to 
each two grains and a half. 
Pilulae opiatic, Ed. Ten grains of the mass 
contain a grain of opium, Lond. live grains 
contain a grain. 
Trochisci glycirrhizaecum opio, Ed. One 
drachm of the mass has a grain of opium. 
Unguentum nitratis hydrargyri fortius et 
initios, Ed. The first has in each drachm 
four grains of quicksilver and eight of nitrous 
acid ; the second has half a grain of quick- 
silver and one of nitrous acid, in each scruple. 
Unguentum hydrargyri, Ed. in each 
drachm has twelve grains of quicksilver. 
Ung. hyd. fortius, Lond. has a drachm of 
quicksilver in two of the mass ; the mitius 
has a drachm in five drachms. 
Emplastrum hydrargyri, Ed. has in each 
drachm about sixteen grains of quicksilver. 
Table of the gradations in doses of medi- 
cine, from Mr. Murray’s Materia Medica. 
Suppose that the proper dose of the me- 
dicine to be given is one drachm: 
For a person from 14 to 21 years, it will be 
two-thirds or two scruples. 
For a person from 7 to 14 years, it will be 
one-half or half a drachm. 
For a person from 4 to 7 years, it will be 
ene-third or a scruple. 
For a person of 4 years, it will be one- 
fourth or fifteen grains. 
For a person of 3 years, it will be one- 
sixth or half a scruple. 
For a person of 2 years, it will be one- 
eighth, or eight grains. 
For a person of 1 year, ft will be one- 
twelfth or five grains. 
PHARNACEUM, a genus of the pentan- 
dria trigynia class of plants, without any co- 
rolla; but the calyx resembles one, being co- 
loured on the inside, and its edges thin ; the 
fruit is an oval capsule, obscurely trigonal, 
and in part covered by the cup; it consists 
of three cells, in which are contained nume- 
rous nitid, orbiculatecl, and depressed seeds, 
surrounded with a margin. 
PH.ARO is the name of a game of chance, 
the principal rules of which are: the banker 
holds a pack consisting of 52 cards ; he draws 
all the cards one after the other, and lays them 
down alternately at his right and left hand ; 
then the ponte may at his pleasure set one or 
more stakes upon one or more cards, either 
before thebanker has begun to draw the cards, 
or after he has drawn any number of couples. 
The banker wins the .stake of the ponte when 
the card of the ponte comes out in an odd 
place on his right hand, but loses as much to 
3 F 
40C) 
the ponte when it comes out in an even place 
on his left hand. The banker wins half the 
poiite’s stake when it happens to be twice in 
one couple. When the card of the ponte, 
being but once in the stock, happens to be the 
last, the ponte neither wins nor loses; and the 
card of the ponte being but twice in the stock, 
and the last couple containing his card twice, 
he then loses his whole stake. De Moivre 
has shewn how to find the gain of the banker 
in any circumstance of cards remaining in the 
stock, and of the number of times that the 
ponte’s card is contained in it. Of this pro- 
blem he enumerates four cases, viz. when the 
ponte’s card is once, twice, three, or four 
times in the stock. In the first case, the gain 
of the banker is — , n being the number of 
n 
car3s in the stock. In the second case, his gain 
. » — 2 X V . 2 \n — I 
is — -l- , or — —* 
b X n — 1 » X « — 1 » x " — I 
supposing y — In the third case, his gain is 
%y_ 
2 X n - 
3 
b X « 
, supposing y = ■§. 
In the fourth case, the gain of the banker., 
ii - , . 2 n — 5 
or the loss of the ponte, is y» 
r n— 1 x n — 3 
— 5 
or , supposing: y = i. De 
2 X « — 1 X » — '3 ° a 
Moivre has calculated a table, exhibiting this 
gain or loss for any particular circumstance of 
the play ; and he observes, that at this play 
the least disadvantage of the ponte, under the 
same circumstance of cards remaining in the 
stock, is when the card of the ponte is but 
twice in it ; the next greater when three 
times, the next when once, and the greatest 
when four times. He has also demonstrated, 
that the whole gain per cent, of the banker 
upon all the money that is adventured at this 
game, is 2/. 19s, 10d. See De Moivre’s Doe- 
trine of Chances, p. 77. 
PHAR'US, a genus of the hexandj'ia order, 
in the moncEcia class of plants, and in the na- 
tural method ranking under the fourth order, 
gramina. The male calyx is a bivalved uni- 
tlorous glume ; the corolla, a bivalved glume ; 
the female calyx the same with the male; the 
corolla an uniflorous, long, and wrapping 
glume. There is but one seed. There are 
three species, grasses of the East and West 
Indies. 
PHARYNX. See Anatomy. 
PHASCUM, in botany, a genus of the 
order of musci, belonging to the crvptogamia 
class of plants. The anthera is operculated, 
with a ciliated mouth ; the calyptra: are 
minute. 
PHASED LUS, kidney-bean, a genus of the 
diadelphia decandria class of plants, the co- 
rolla whereof is papilionaceous; the vexilhnn 
is cordated, obtuse, einarginated, and reclined 
with reflex sides; the ala; are roundidi, of the 
same length with the vexillum, and stand 
upon long ungues ; the carina is narrow, and 
revolves spirally in a contrary direction to the 
sun ; the fruit is a long, straight, coriaceous, 
and obtuse pod ; the seeds are oblong, com- 
pressed, and kidney -shaped. 'I ’here are 21 
species. 
PHASES. See Astronomy. 
PHASIANUS, in ornithology, a genus be- 
longing to the order of galling. The cheeks 
are covered with a smooth naked skin. Pita 
