POP 
POP 
4U 
POP 
Denmark and Norway 
Sweden 
Prussia 
Kussia in Europe 
Turkey in Europe 
3.700.000 
3.000. 000 
6.000 000 
20 , 000,000 
7.000. 000 
Total 130,000,000. 
The art for ascertaining the population of 
Great Britain, was passed on the last day of 
the year 1800; it directed a general enume- 
ration of houses, families, and persons; and 
tire proper officers of the several parishes and 
places were ordered to take the account, on 
the 10th of March, 1801, in England and 
Wales ; and in Scotland as soon as possible 
after that day. Tins difference was neces- 
sary, because in the colder climate of Scot- 
land, it was not Certain that all pry ts of the 
country would be easily accessible so early 
in the year. An abstract of the returns was 
laid before both houses of parliament; and 
the summary of the enumeration appeared 
to be as follows: 
CD 00 
eo ^ co 
try O 
W T T 
X CO 
CO CM 00 
co co co 
r- o co 
■30 CO co 
of co ^ 
.2 b^l ^ i 
G <U G 
£ 
o 
On these considerations, with a very mo- 
derate allowance for omissions in the returns, 
the total population of the united kingdom 
of Great Britain and Ireland, amounts to 
15,100,000 persons; and, besides these, its 
eastern and western possessions and colonies 
contain many natives of the British isles. 
The proportion of persons to a house ap- 
peared by the returns to be as follows : 
In England - - - Sf 
Wales 5 n 
Scotland 
Great Britain 
Population of the principal Sea Ports and Ma- 
nufacturing Towns of Great Britain, and of 
France. 
GREAT BRITAIN. FRANCE. 
•5y 
London - - 
Manchester - 
Edinburgh 
Liverpool 
Glasgow - - 
Birmingham - 
Bristol - - 
Leeds - - - 
Plymouth 
Norwich - - 
Portsmouth - 
Sheffield - - 
Hull - - - 
Nottingham - 
Newcastle 
Inhabitants. 
- 804,845 
84,020 
82,500 
77,653 
77,385 
73,670 
63,645 
53,162 
43,194 
36,832 
32,166 
31,314 
29,516 
28,861 
Inhabitants. 
Paris - - 
Bourdeaux 
Lyons - - 
Marseilles 
Rouen 
Nantes 
Brussels 
Lisle - - 
Toulouse - 
Strasburg 
Cologne 
Bruges * - 
Dunkirk - 
Brest — - 
- 546,856 
- 112 844 
- 109,500 
- 111,130 
- 87,000 
- 73,649 
- 66,227 
- 54,756 
- 50,171 
- 49,056 
- 38,844 
- 33,700 
- 21,158 
- 27,000 
- 20,500 
The total population of Great Britain pro- 
bald v exceeds the number of persons speci- 
fied in the above summary, as there were 
some parishes from which no returns were 
received, i he islands of Guernsey, Eisey, 
Aldevnev, and Sark, the Scillv islands, and 
the isle of Man, were not comprised in the 
enumeration; the total population of these 
id an Is has been usually estimated at about 
80,000 persons. 
The number of houses in Ireland has been 
nearly ascertained by the collection of a 
hearth-money tax, from which it has been 
computed, that the population of that part 
of tne United Kingdom somewhat exceeds 
four millions of persons. 
28,3661 Toulon 
POPULUS, the Poplar, a genus of the 
octandria order, in the diuecia class ot plants ; 
and. in the natural method ranking under the 
50th order, amentaceaj. The calyx of the 
amentum is a lacerated, oblong, and squamous 
leaf; the corolla is turbinated, oblique, and 
entire. The female has the calyx of the 
amentum and corolla the same as in the 
male; the stigma is quadr'ffid; the capsule 
bilocular, with many pappous seeds. There 
are eleven species ; the most noted are: 
1. The alba, or abele-tree, grows naturally 
in the temperate parts of Europe. Its leaves 
are large, and divided into three, four, or 
live lobes, indented on their edges, of a very 
dark colour on their upper side, but very- 
white and downy on the under side; standing 
upon footstalks an inch long. The young 
branches have a purple bark, and are cover- 
ed with a white-down ; but the bark of the 
stem and older branches is grey. 2. The ma- 
jor, or white poplar, has its leases rounder 
than the first, and not much above half their 
size; they are indented on their edges, and 
are downy on their under side, but not so 
white as those of the former, nor are their 
upper surfaces of such a deep green colour. 
3. The nigra, or black poplar, has oval heart- 
shaped leaves, slightly crenated on their 
they are smooth on both sides, and 
I of a light-green colour. 4. The tremula, or 
aspen-tree, has roundish, angularly indented 
leaves: they are smooth on both sides, and 
stand on long footstalks, and so are shaken 
by the least wind; whence it has the title of 
the trembling poplar, or aspen-tree. 5. Die 
balsamifera, or Carolina poplar, is a native 
of Carolina, where it becomes a large tree. 
The shoots of this sort grow very strong in 
Britain, and are generally angular ; with a 
light green bark like the willow. The leaves 
on young trees, and also those on the lower 
shoots, are very large, almost heart-shaped, 
and crenated; but those upon the older trees 
are smaller : as the trees advance, their bark 
becomes lighter, approaching to a greyisli 
colour. 6. 'l ive tacamahaca grows naturally 
in Canada and other parts ot North Ame- 
rica. This is a tree of a middling growth, 
sending out on every side many short thick 
shoots, which are covered with a light-brown 
bark, with leaves differing from one another 
in shape and size; most or them are almost 
heart-shaped, but some are oval, anti others 
nearly spear-shaped ; they are whitish on 
their under side, but green on the upper. 7. 
The Lombardy poplar (dt-letata), weli known. 
These trees may be propagated either by- 
layers or cuttings, as also from the suckers 
which the white poplars send up from their 
roots in great plenty. The best time for 
transplanting these suckers 'is in October, 
when their leaves begin to decay. 
The wood of these trees, especially of the 
abele, is good for laying flowers, where it 
will last for many years, and, on account of 
its extreme whiteness, is by many preferred 
to oak; yet, on account of its soft contexture, 
being very subject to take the impression of 
nails, ike. it is less proper on this account 
than the harder woods. The abele likewise 
deserves particular notice, on account of the 
virtue of its bark in curing intermitting fe- 
vers, as stated by the reverend Mr. Stone, 
in Phil. Trans, vol. liii. p. 195. This bark 
will also tan leather. 
1 iie inner bark of the black poplar is used 
by the inhabitants of Kamtsciiatka as a ma- | 
terial for bread; and paper has sometimes 
been made ot the cottony dow n of the seeds. 
The roots have been observed to dissolve into 
a kind of gelatinous substance, and to be coat- 
ed over with a tubular crustaceous spar, 
called by naturalists osteoeolla, formerly 
imagined to have some virtue in producing 
the callus of a fractured bone. The buds of 
the sixth sp cies are covered with a glutinous 
resin, which smells very strong, and is the 
gum tacamahaca of the shops. The best, 
called (from its being collected in a kind of 
gourd-shells) tacamahaca in shells, is some- 
what unctuous and softish, of a pale yellowish 
or greenish colour, an aromatic taste, and a 
fragrant delightful smell, approaching to that 
of lavender or ambergris. I bis sort is very 
rare; that commonly found in the shops is 
in semitransparent globes or grains, of a 
whitish, yellowish, brownish, or greenish 
colour, of a less grateful smell than the fore- 
going. This resin is said to be employed 
externa ffv bv the Indians for discussing and 
maturating tumours, and abating p. ins in tire 
limbs. It is an ingredient in some anodyne 
hysteric, cephalic, and stomachic plaster's ; but 
th? fragrance of the liner sort sufficiently 
points out its utility in other respects. 
M. Fougeroux de Bouclaroy, from a set ol 
experiments on the subject, gives an account 
of the uses of the several kinds of poplar 
the substance of which is as follow's: Hi 
finds that the wood of the black poplar i: 
good an .l useful for many purposes ; that I hi 
Lombardy poplar, is of very little value] 
that the Virginia poplar, populus Virginiana 
affords a wood of excellent quality, that nvJ 
be applied to many uses. The Carolin 
poplar, populus Carolinensis heteropin 11 
(Lin.), is a very quick grower; beautiful whei 
sound, but liable to be hurt by cold. It 
wood appears to M. de Bondaroy to be c 
little value ; but M. Mulesherb.es, wiio cu 
