O V A 
QUA 
QUA 53(j 
tiff 1 recovers {he presentation and damages ; 
though the title to the advowson is recovered 
only by a quare imped'd. 3. Quare iucum- 
bravitjsa writ that lies against a bishop, who, 
within six months alter the vacancy of a be- 
nefice, confers it on his clerk, while two 
others are contesting the right of presenta- 
tion. 4. Quare non adntisit is a writ that 
lies where any one Iras recovered an advow- 
son or presentation, and sending his clerk to 
be admitted, the bishop refuses to admit 
him ; in which case the person that has the 
presentation may have this writagaist the bi- 
shop. 5. Quare non permittit is a writ that 
lies for one who has a right to present for a 
turn against the proprietary. 6. Quare ob- 
struxit, is a writ that lies for him who, having 
a right to passthrough another’s grounds, can- 
not enjoy the same, because the owner 1ms 
fenced them up. ‘ 
QUARTER, the fourth part of any thing, 
the fractional expression for which is L 
Quarter, in weights, is generally used for the 
fourth part of a hundredweight avoirdupois, 
or 28j£,. 
Used as the name of a dry measure, quarter 
is the fourth part of a ton in weight, or eight 
bushels. 
Quarter, in heraldry, is applied to the 
parts or members of the first division of a 
coat that is quartered or divided into four 
quarters. 
Quarter of a point, in navigation, is the 
fourth part of the distance between two car- 
dinal points, which is 2° A8'. 
Quarter of a ship , is that part of a ship’s 
hold which lies between the steerage-room 
and tire transom. 
Quarter-masters, or quarteers , in a 
ship of war, are officers whose business it is to 
rummage, stow, and trim, the ship in the 
hold ; to overlook the steward in his delivery 
of victuals to the cook, and in pumping or 
drawing out beer, or 1 he like. 1 hey are also 
to keep their watch duly, in conning the ship, 
pr any other duty. 
Quarter-sessions. See Sessions. 
QUARTERING, in gunnery, is when a 
piece of ordnance is so traversed that it will 
shoot on the same line, or on the same point 
of the compass, as the ship’s cjuarter bears. 
Quartering, in heraldry, is dividing a 
coat into four or more quarters, or quarter- 
ings, by parting, couping, &c. that is, by per- 
pendicular and horizontal lines, &c. 
QUARTERS, a name given at sea to the 
several stations where the officers and crew of 
a ship of war are posted in action. 
The number of men appointed to manage 
the artillery is always in proportion to the 
nature of the guns, and the number and con- 
dition of the ship’s crew. They are, in ge- 
neral, as follow, when the ship is well man- 
ned, so as to light both sides at once occa- 
sionally : 
Pounder No. of men. 
To a 42 - 15 
32 - 13 
24 - 11 
18 - 9 
12 - 7 
9 - 6 
6 - 5 
4 - 4 
3 - 3 
This number, to which is often added ahoy 
to bring powder teyevery gun, may be occa- 
sionally reduced, and tire guns m vcrtheless 
well managed. M lie number of men appoint- 
ed to the small arms on board his majesty's 
ships and sloops of war, by order of the admi- 
ralty, are: 
Rate of the ship. 
No. 
of men to the 
small arms. 
1st 
- 
150 
2d - 
- 
120 
3d of 80 guns 
- 
100 
— of 70 guns 
- 
80 
4th of 60 guns 
t 
70 
4th 
. 
60 
5th 
. 
50 
6th 
. 
40 
Sloops of war 
- 
30 
veins. Transparency 3, 4. Composed, ac- 
cordipg to Bergman, of 
93 silica 
0 alumina 
1 lime 
100 / 
3. Milk and rosy red quartz. Colour usu- 
ally red. Always in mass, never crystallized. 
Lustre greasy. Transparency 2, 3. Found 
in Bavaria and Finland. Supposed to con- 
tain manganese. 
4. Common quartz. A constituent of many 
mountains. Colours exceedingly numerous, 
white, grey, brown, yellow, red, green ot va- 
rious shades. Usually amorphous; some- 
times crystallized. Its transparency chiefly 
distinguishes it from rock crystal. See Crys- 
tal. 
The lieutenants are usually stationed to 
command the different batteries, and direct 
their efforts against the enemy. The master 
superintends the movements of the ship, and 
whatever relates to the sails. The boatswain, 
and a sufficient number of men, art- stationed 
to repair the damaged rigging; and the gun- 
ner and carpenter, wherever necessary, ac- 
cording to their respective offices. 
Quarters, close, in a ship, those places 
where the seamen quarter themselves, incase 
of boarding, for their own defence, and for 
clearing the decks, &c. 
QI ARTZ. This stone, which is very com- 
mon in most mountainous countries, is some- 
times crystallized, and sometimes amor- 
phous. The primitive form of its crystals, 
according to Mr. Ilauv, is a rhomboidal pa- 
rallelepiped, the angles of whose rhombs ar 
5. Trase: usually lake-green, sometimes- 
olive and pistachio green. Commonly in mass; 
rarely crystallized. 
Cronstedt observes, that quartz in general, 
and especially its crystals, arc very commonly' 
supposed, when yet in their soit and dissolv- 
ed state, to have included within them some 
vegetables ; for instance, grass and moss. 
“ This (says he) I cannot absolutely deny; 
but it deserves carefully to be examined, if 
that which is shown as a grass is not an as- 
bestos, or a striated cockle ; and the moss 
only branched varieties tilled with earth, 
which, by their being ramose, bear a vege- 
table appearance. It is very common in 
: agates, and makes them of less value than 
i they otherwise would be. This is most gene- 
I rally the case with those stones which are 
shown as including vegetables; and for my 
94° and 86°, ' so Hiat & it does' noT differ much own P a . rt » 1 have never been so fortunate as to 
from a cube. The most common variety is i mL i e f * I r t 1 a ,’u otieis \ 
a dodecahedron, composed of two six-sided : „ M - Ma S el ai l remarks, that quartz is one of 
pyramids, applied base to base, whose sides th e principal kinds of stone which contain 
are isosceles triangles, having the angle at j m f ds :. ? om U of the Hungarian veins con- 
the vertex 40", and each of the angles at the * 1St entl ^ 0 ! ’ and t ie g o d ,s so 
base 70°; the inclination of a side of one pvra- dls P ersed ’ that ]t cann f ot be discerned by the 
mid to the contiguous side of the other pyra- i best microscopes before it is separated by 
mid is 104°. There is often a six-sided prism ! P oundm g and cashing. I he width of the 
04*. i nere is orten a six-suled prism 1 • ° c r: , => , , 
ed between the two pyramids, the ; veins ’ ?° me of wh,ch art \ ha,f a [ athom - and 
which always correspond with those I Some stlU , m0 J e v W' the trouble and ex- 
pyramids. For a description and P en< * 8 ’ \ vhl ^ h the smal T lanU U f ld 
figure of flue other varieties of quartz crystals, I ' vould not othel ? lse counterbalance. Nature 
and for a demonstration of the law which they ! has not an - v " here P r ? duced mountains of 
interposed 
sides of 
of the py 
have followed in crystallizing, we refer the 1 u ( l uartz ; tor inougu some ocss n: 
reader to Rome de iTisle and Mr. Ilauy. I de “ ranked an Y )n ? be c l uartzes ’ the 5’ 
The texture of quartz is more or less foil- ! undoubtedly mixed with heterogeneous mut- 
ated. Fracture conchoidal or splintery. Its ! ters ‘ N , e f: Lauterberg upon the Hartz me- 
lts 
lustre varies, and also its transparency, and 
in some cases it is opaque. It causes a 
veins of this stone from one to three fathoms 
wide, consisting of a loose sand, in which (hey 
double refraction. Specific gravity from2.64 d ! ld c PPP er ore * n ne . ; ’V s \ , Jn tke iya,i '' b 
to 2.97, and in one variety 2 69. Its colour i ' ve w . lth triangular quartz 
and appearance are exceedingly various : | P ehbles - 1 hl j re are likewise crystals of quartz 
this has induced mineralogists to divide it into j iavln § wUei enclosed m them; some fine 
numerous varieties. The common division ! P ieces ° f tbls kmd a T to be 0 met Wltb li! lhe 
is into five subspecies. 
1 . Amethyst. Colour violet, of different 
imperial cabinet at Vienna, &c. 
| Rock crystals are generally found upon or 
! among quartz, and are to be met with- in all 
degrees of intensity, sometimes greenish, t parts of the world. The greatest number 
Commonly found in crystals m the hollow are furnished to the European countries from 
cavities of agates Composed, according to mount Saint Gothard in Switzerland. Here 
Rose, of 97.50 silica j large pieces, weighing from 5 to 800 pound;, 
0.25 alumina . were found at Grimselberg; one of 1200 
0.50 oxide of iron and manganese pounds was found some years ago at Frisbach 
• 98.25 
2. Rock crystal. Colourless, or white with 
different shades of grey, yellow, brown, and 
red. Usually crystallized in the hollows of 
3 Y 2 
in the Valais; and a piece six feet long, lour 
broad, arid equally thick, was found ‘in the 
island of Madagascar, a place where these 
natural productions are of the most extra- 
ordinary size and perfection. 
