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seised of the freehold ; but by 14 Geo. If. 
though the legal freehold should be vested in 
lessees, yet those who are intitled to the next 
freehold estate in remainder or reversion may 
make a good tenant to the precipe; and 
though the deed or tine which creates such 
tenant should be subsequent to the judgment 
of recovery, if it is in the same term, the re- 
covery is valid ; and that though the recovery 
itself does not appear to be entered, or not 
regularly entered on record: yet the deed 
to make a tenant to the precipe and declare 
the uses of the recovery, with twenty years 
possession, shall be sufficient evidence ot the 
recovery. If a recovery is levied without any 
good consideration or the uses declared, they' 
only enure to the use of him who levies them ; 
and if there is a consideration, yet as the 
most usual tme,sur cognizance dedroit comme 
ces, &c. conveys an absolute estate without 
limitations, these conveyances could not be 
made to answer the purposes of family settle- 
ments (wherein a variety of uses and design- 
ations is often necessary), unless their force 
and effect were made subject to the direction 
of more complicated deeds. I hese deeds, if 
made previous to the judgment, are called 
deeds to lead the uses; if subsequent, to de- 
clare them. 
RECTANGLE, in geometry, the same 
with a right-angled parallelogram. 
RECTANGLED, Rectangular, or 
Rig ht-an g led, appellations given to figures 
and solids which have one or more right 
angles: thus a triangle with one right angle, 
is termed a rectangled triangle ; also parallel- 
ograms with right angles, squares, cubes, oic. 
are rectangular. Solids, as cones, cylindeis, 
&c. are also said to be rectangular with re- 
spect to their situation, when their axes are 
perpendicular to the plane of the horizon. 
RECTIFICATION, in geometry, is the 
finding a right line, equal in length to a 
curve. See the article Cur ve. 
The rectification of' curves is a branch of 
the higher geometry, where the use ot the 
inverse method ot fluxions is very con- 
spicuous. 
Case I. Let ACC, (Plate Miscel. fig. 
201) be any kind of curve, whose ordinates 
are parallel to themselves, and perpendicular 
totlie axis AQ. Then if the fluxion of the 
absciss AM is, denoted by Mwt, or by G n 
(equal and parallel to Mwt),‘and nS, equal and 
parallel to Cr, is the representation of the 
corresponding fluxion of the ordinate Mu , 
then will the diagonal CS, touching the curve 
in C, be the line which the generating point 
p would describe, was its motion to become 
1 1 mlrirm c\ t ( . * 
uniform at C; which line, therefore, truly 
expresses the fluxion of the space AC, gone 
over. See the article Fluxions. 
Hence, putting AM = x, CM — y, and A C 
— z ; we have » = GS = \/ CA -f- S«- = 
from which, and the equation of 
die curve, the value of z may be determined. 
Thus, let the curve proposed be a parabola of 
any kind, the general equation for which is x — 
„ n — 1 
, 2/i — 2)1 
n 2 y j 2 4 
—y x H — y, ; fl uent which, 
universally expressed in an infinite series, is 
2 — 1 4 « — 3 
try try 
4 
2n — 1 X 2a 
A Gn — 5 
tty 
6/i — 6 
4« — 3 X 
&c. = z. 
4 n 
_A_. — ; and hence x = — 
— 1 
n — 1 
fere « (— \/y ’ -j- 
■^)= Jf 
2 n — 2 
6n — 5 X IS* 1 
Case II. Let all the ordinates of the proposed 
curve ARM, fig. 202, be referred to a centre G: 
then, putting the tangent RP (intercepted bv the 
perpendicular CP) = f, the arch, BN, of a circle, 
described about the centre C, — a- ; and the ra- 
dius CN (or CB) = a ; we have » * y \ \ y (CR) 
yy 
* t (RP) ; and, consequently, » = — 
from 
whence the value of z may be found, if the re- 
lation of y and t is given. But, in other cases, 
it will be better to work from the following 
equation 
ion, viz. % — sj . f *j~ which is 
thus derived ; let the right line CR be conceived 
to revolve about the centre C ; then, since the 
celerity of the generating point R, in a direc- 
tion perpendicular to CR, is to (v) the celerity 
of the point N, as CR (y) to CN («)» it will 
therefore be truly represented by 
yx 
which 
being to (j) the celerity in the direction of CR 
produced, as CB (t) * RP (#), it follows that ^-4 
. y 
4- A 2 
. . y x 
• A * t 2 ; whence, by composition, — 
a 
y 2 x 2 
f • * s 2 t 2 (y 2 ) ’ t 2 ; therefore 
4- y 1 — --- t an d consequently ^ / J -~ -\- y 
j yyci 
(= f ) 
as. Q. E. D. 
and there- 
Rectification, in chemis'ry, the repe- 
tition of a distillation or sublimation several 
times, in order to render the substance purer, 
finer, and freer from aqueous or earthy parts. 
See Distillation. 
RECTI LINEAR, in geometry, right-lined; 
thus figures whose perimeter consists of right 
lines, are said to be rectilinear. 
RECTO, in law, a writ of right, which is of 
so high a nature, that whereas other writs in 
real actions are only to recover the posses- 
sion of the land or tenements in question, 
which have been lost by our ancestors or our- 
selves; this aims to recover both the seisin 
which some of our ancestors or we had, and 
also the property of the hiring whereof the 
ancestor died not seised as of fee; and where- 
by are pleaded and tried both their rights to- 
gether, viz. as well of possession as of pro- 
perty ; so that if a man ever loses his cause 
upon this writ, either by judgment, or assize 
he is without remedy. Pract. Lib. 5. 
Recto de advocatione ecclesiae, a 
writ of right, lying where a man has a right 
of advowson, and the parson of the church 
dying, a stranger presents his clerk to the 
church ; and he not having brought his action 
of quare imped'd, nor darrein presentment, 
within six months, but suffered the stranger to 
usurp upon him. 
Recto de dote, a writ of right of dower, 
.5 
which lies for a woman who has received 
part of her dower, and purposes to demand; 
the remainder in the same town, against the 
heir, or his guardian if he is a ward. 
Recto de dote unde nihil hapet, a 
writ of right which lies in a case, where tha 
husband having divers lands or tenements, h; s; 
assured no dower to his wife, and she thereby; 
is driven to sue for her thirds, against the 
heir or his guardian. 
Recto quando pominus remtsit, 2 
writ of right, which lies in cases, where lands 
or tenements in the seigniory of any lord ar( 
in demand by a writ of right. 
RECTOR, a term applied to several perl 
sons whose offices are very different; asl 
1. The rector of a parish is a clergyman that 
has the charge and cure of a parish, and post' 
sesses all the tythes, Nc. 2. The same nam® 
is also given to the chief elective officer in sel 
vend foreign universities, particularly in than 
of Paris. 3. Rector is also used in several 
convents for the superior officer who govern| 
the house; and the Jesuits give this name t< 
the superiors ot such ot their houses as ar 
either seminaries or colleges. 
RECTORY, a parish church, parsonage 
or spiritual living, with all its rights, t) the 
and glebes. 
RECTUM, in anatomy, the third and las 
of the large intestines. See Anatomy. 
RECCRVIROSTRA, in ornithology, 
genus belonging to the order of gralhe. 1 hj 
bill is long, subulated, bent back, sharp an 
flexible at the point. The feet are webbed 
and furnished with three toes forwards, and 
short one behind. Mr. Latham notes ot thil 
genus three species, viz. the avoselta, or th 
one commonly known, the Americana, ; 
the alba. This last, it is probable, has som 
affinity to the Americana. The recurvirosii 
avesetta is about the size of a lapwing i 
body, but has very long legs. The substand 
of the bill is soft, and almost membranous ^ 
its tip ; it is thin, weak, slender, compresse 
horizontally, and incapable of defence 
effort. These birds are variegated with blac] 
and white, and during the winter are frequeil 
on the eastern shores ot Great Britain. The! 
visit also the Severn, and sometimes the poo 
of Shropshire. They feed on worms and iij 
sects, which t^ey scoop out of the sand wifi 
their bills. They lay two eggs, white, with 
greenish hue, and large spots of black, aboi 
the size of a pigeon’s. r l hey are found all 
in various parts of the continent of Europ 
in Russia, Denmark, and Sweden, but the 
are not numerous. They are also found; 
Siberia, but oftener about the salt lakes < 
the Tartarian desert, and about the Caspisj 
sea; likewise on the coasts of Picardy i 
France, in April and November, and at O 
leans, but rarely. In breeding-time they ai 
very plentiful on the coasts of Bhs Poictoi 
They do not appear to wander further soul 
in Europe than Italy. Whether from timidii 
or address, the avoset shuns snares, and is w 
easily taken. The American avoset is rath 
larger and longer than the last. The bill 
similar, and its colour black; the forehead 
dusky white ; the head, neck, and upper pa 
of the breast, are of a deep cream-colour ; tl 
lower parts of the neck behind white; tl 
back is black, and the under parts from tl 
breast pure white; the w'ings are part 
black, partly white, and partly ash-coloure 
These birds inhabit North America; and we 
