n e s 
565 
RES 
gwnent, in the court of common pleas, that 
the court of request was then no court of 
equity. 
RESCRIPT, an answer delivered by an ' 
^mperor, or a pope, when consulted by par- 
ticular persons, on some difficult question, or 
point ot law, to serve as a decision thereof. 
RESCUE, or Rescous, is the taking 
away and setting at liberty against law, any j 
distress token for rent, or services, or damage 
feasant; but the more general notion of res- 
cous is, the forcibly freeing another from an 
arrest or some legal commitment ; which be- I 
ing a high offence, subjects the offender not 
only to an action at the suit of the party in- j 
jured, but likewise to line and imprisonment j 
at the suit of the king. Co. Lit. 160. 
If goods are distrained without cadse, or 
contrary to law, the owner may make rescue; 
but if they are once impounded, or even 
though taken without any cause, the owner 
may not break the pound and take them out, 
for then they are in custody of the law. 1 
Black. 12. See Distress * 
RESEARCH, in music, is a kind of pre- 
lude or voluntary played on the organ, &c. 
wherein the performer seems to search or 
look out for the strains and touches of har- 
mony, which he is to use in the regular piece 
to be played afterwards. 
RES EDA, dycr's-weed, velloiv-weed, weld, 
or wild-wood, a genus ot the order of trigy- 
nia, in the dodecandria class of plants ; and 
iu the natural method ranking under the 
54th order, miscellanea. The calyx is mo- 
noph) lions and partite; the petals laciniated; 
the capsule unilocular, and opening at the 
mouth. There are 13 species; of which the 
most remarkable is the luteola, or common 
dyer’s weed, growing naturally in waste 
places in many parts of Britain. The young 
leaves are often undulated; the stalk is a 
yard high, or more, terminated with a long 
naked spike of yellowish-green liowers: the 
plant is cultivated and much used for dyeing 
silk and wool of a yellow colour. The great 
recommendation of the plant is, that it will 
grow with very little trouble, without dung, 
and on the very worst soils. For this reason 
it is commonly sown with, or immediately 
after, barley or oats, without any additional 
care except drawing a bush over it to harrow 
it in. The reaping of the corn does it little 
or no hurt, as it grows but little the first 
year; and the next summer it is pulled and 
dried like flax. Much care and nicety, how- 
ever, is requisite, so as not to injure either 
the seed or stalk; or, which sometimes hap- 
pens, damaging both, by letting it stand too 
long, or pulling it too green. To avoid 
these inconveniences, a better method of’ 
culture has been devised. This new method 
is, to plough and harrow the ground very 
fine, without dung, as equally as possible ; and 
then sowing about a gallon of seed, which is 
very small, upon an acre, some time in the 
month of August. In about two months it 
will be high enough to hoc, which must he 
carefully done, and the plants left about six 
inches asunder. In March it is to be hoed 
again, and this labour is to be repeated a third 
time in May. About the close of June, 
when the liower is in full vigour, and the 
stalk is become of a greenish yellow, it 
should be pulled; a sufficient quantity of 
stems being left growing for seed till Sep- 
tember. 
RESERVE, body of, or corps ds reserve, 
in military affairs, the third or last line of an 
army, drawn up for battle; so called because 
they are reserved to sustain the rest, as occa- 
sion requires ; and not to engage, but in case 
of necessity. 
RESIDENCE, ts the continuance of a 
parson or vicar on his benefice. By statute 
43d Geo. III. chap. 84, it is enacted that 
the statute 13th Eliz. c. 20, and its continu- 
ing statutes, are repealed; and that the penal- 
ties for non-residence under the act 2 1st 
Hen. VIII. are repealed; and that every spi- 
ritual person possessed of any archdeaconry, 
or other dignity, benetice, curacy, or cha- 
pelry, who shall, without exemption, or suf- 
ficient cause, as is specified in the acts of the 
21st, 25th, and 28th Hen. VII l., absent him- 
self from his benefice for more than three 
months in the year (unless he resides at some 
place where lie has other dignity or benefice), 
and less than six, shall pay oneAhird of the 
annual value (deducting all out-goings, ex- 
cept curate’s pay); when eight months, two- 
thirds ; and when the whole year, tluee- 
fourths. The penalty, with costs, to go to 
the informer; but the penalty for non-resi- 
dence cannot be recovered, if the parson has 
resided a whole year without absence before 
the action is brought. 
Besides the exemptions contained in the 
above-mentioned act, the following persons 
are exempt: clerk, or deputy clerk, of the 
king’s closet ; chaplain of the house of com- 
mons; chaplain- general of the forces; bri- 
gade-chaplain on foreign service ; chaplains 
of ships of the dock-yards, of garrisons, or of 
the corps of artillery, during the time of at- 
tending such offices; chaplain to any British 
factory, or in the household of any British 
minister, abroad ; chancellor, or vicar-gene- 
ral, or in his absence, the surrogate, or of- 
ficial, in an ecclesiastical court ; minor ca- 
non, vfoar, choral, or other officer, in any 
cathedral or collegiate church ; deans, sub- 
deans, priests, or readers, in the king’s pri- 
vate chapels ; chaplain of the military asylum, 
of the hospitals of Chelsea, Greenwich, Flas- 
lar, and Plymouth, while attending their 
duty ; preacher or reader at the inns of court 
or the roils; the bursar, dean, vice-presi- 
dent, public tutor, or chaplain, or such other 
public officers, in' the universities, or at Eton, 
or Winchester, or schoolmaster or usher in 
the same, or at Westminster; and persons 
entitled by the last of the above-mentioned 
statutes to the privilege of non-residence, tiil 
after forty years of age, shall not be entitled 
to it after thirty. The bishops may, if 
they think fit, giant licences for non-resi- 
dence in certain cases, the fee for which 
shall not be more than ten shillings, inde- 
pendant of stamp-duty; and if the bidiop re- 
fuses to grant the licence, the party who 
thinks himself aggrieved may appeal to the 
archbishop, on giving security for paying 
the expences of the appeal : the reasons for 
granting the licences shall be transmitted to 
the archbishop, for his examination and al- 
lowance ; and during the vacancy of any see, 
the vicar-general may grant them, and they 
shall not be void on the death or removal oi 
the granter, unless revoked by His successor. 
A person, although he may reside on the 
living, is yet liable to the penalties of non- 
residence, if he resides in any other house 
K E S 
than that appointed for his residence, except 
by such licence from the diocesan as lias 
been stated, or while the tenant to whom the 
house ot residence has-been let continues in 
possession. 
RESIDUAL FIGURE, in geometry, the 
figure remaining after subtracting a lesser 
from a greater. 
Residual Root, in algebra, a root com- 
posed of two parts or members, connected 
together by the sign — . 
Thus x — y is a residual root, so called be- 
cause its value is no more than the difference 
between its parts x and y. 
RESIGNATION, in the canon law, the 
surrendering a benefice into the hands of the- 
coliator, or bishop. 
RESIGNEE, in law, the person to whom 
a thing is resigned. 
RESIN, in natural history, a viscid juice 
oozing either spontaneously, or by incision, 
from several trees, as the pine, fir, &c. 
Resins. It is at present the opinion of 
chemists, that resins stand in the same rela- 
tion to the volatile oils that wax does to the 
fixed. Wax is considered as a fixed oil sa- 
turated with oxygen; resins as volatile oils 
saturated with the same principle. 
The resins are very numerous; and on ac- 
count of the various purposes to which they 
are applied, and the peculiarity of their pro- 
perties, constitute one of the most important 
genera of vegetable substances. Tiii lately 
they have been very much overlooked by 
chemists, who satisfied themselves with glean- 
ing doubtful information from artists and 
manufacturers. Many erroneous opinions 
concerning them have of course been admit- 
ted into every system of chemistry. r I lie 
subject has lately engaged the attention of Mr. 
Hatchett, whose consummate skill and happy 
talent for observation peculiarly fitted him 
for the task. 
Resins often exude spontaneously from 
trees; they often How from artificial wounds; 
and not uncommonly are combined at first 
with volatile oil, from which they are sepa- 
rated by distillation. The reader can be at 
no loss to form a notion of what is meant by 
resin, when lit- is informed that common rosin 
furnishes a very perfect example of a resin, 
and that it is from this substance that the 
whole genus derived their name : for rosin is 
very frequently denominated resin. 
Resins may be distinguished by the foil, 
lowing properties: 
They are solid substances, naturally brittle; 
have a certain degree of transparency, and a 
colour most commonly inclining to yellow. 
Their taste is more or less acrid, and hot like 
that of volatile oils; but they have no smell 
unless they happen to contain some foreign 
body. They are all heavier than water. 
Their specific gravity varies from 1.0180 to 
1.2289. They are all non-conductors of 
electricity ; and when excited by friction, 
their electricity is negative. 
When exposed to heat, they melt; and if 
the heat is increased, they take fire; and 
burn with a strong yellow Hame, emittino- 
at the same time a vast quantity of smoke. ° 
They are all insoluble in water, whether 
cold or hot; but when they are melted along 
with water, or mixed with volatile oil and 
then distilled with water, they seem to unite 
