R E V 
It E V 
R H A 
576 
Year. Annual income- 
George II. - 1727 d '8,522,540 
George III, - 17o0 8,800,000 
T!ie above statement shews a vast increase 
of the public revenue, particularly from the 
time of Charles 1. but its progress since the 
year 1760, lias been much mure remarkable, 
in 1773 it amounted to 10,066,661/. ; in 1780 
it had advanced to 12,235,2 14/. ; and in 1 786 
•when the debts incurred by the American 
\var had been fullv provided for, it amounted 
to 15,098,112/. The increase of commerce 
■•during the peace, naturally improved such 
branches of the revenue as depended there- 
on ; so that in 1791, its total produce was 
36,712,000/. In the course of the war with 
the French Republic, the old taxes increased 
in produce, not only in consequence of an 
increased expenditure, which, to a certain 
extent, always increased the revenue, but 
also from an unexampled series of commer- 
cial and of general prosperity. 
In former wars it was never expected, that 
the trade and manufactures of the coun- 
try could equal their extent in peace ; but 
at this period, various circumstances contri- 
buted to render Great Britain the emporium 
of Europe, and almost of the world. At 
home, the great increase of population, en- 
abled the country to have in pay a greater 
number of seamen and soldiers than at any 
(former period of its history, without experi- 
encing any want of hands to carry on, to a 
greater extent than ever, agriculture, manu- 
factures, and commerce. Great Britain also 
acquired abroad manv valuable possessions 
of the French, the l5utch, and the Spani- 
ards ; and by the greatness of its maritime 
power held the complete dominion of the 
sea. "Whilst it possessed these advantages, 
the continent of Europe was convulsed with 
war, unable to direct its attention to com- 
mercial industry, and had no market but 
England from which it could procure the 
productions of both the Indies, 
It is not surprising, therefore, that under 
.such favourable circumstances the yvealth and 
income of the nation should increase, and 
consequently, that the old taxep should be- 
come more productive, which with the great 
number of new duties that it has been found 
necessary to impose, has raised the nett pro- 
duce of the permanent and annual duties, 
composing the ordinary public revenue, to 
the vast sum of 35,3-14,158/. 10.?, 4 \d-', in 
addition .to which there are temporary taxes 
of very considerable amount, imposed for de- 
fraying part of the increased expenditure 
during the .war, which made the total amount 
of the public revenue of .Great Britain for 
the year ending 5th January 1806, as fol- 
lows • 
.Nett produce of the 
Customs - £. 7, 192,889 15 
Excise - 16,352,885 10 
Stamps r 4,123,527 3 
Rand and Assessed 
Taxes - 6,261,778 19 
Post-office - 1,237,004 If) 
Pensions and Salaries 111,173 3 
Hackney Coaches 26,454 14 
Hawkers and Pedlars 8,444 2 
Small branches of the 
hereditary revenue 157,373 11 UBj 
War-taxes, 'Customs, 
and Excise - 8,992,377 13 6i 
10 
2 
4i 
104 
H 
10 
Property-tax <£4,377,58 3 12 9f 
Arrears of lncome- 
cluly, &c. - 49,403 6 9| 
Total <£.48,890,896 15 64 
In addition to the permanent and tempo- 
rary taxes, constituting the public revenue, 
there are always certain incidental receipts 
applicable to the public service ; such as the 
profits of lotteries, fees of the regulated -ex- 
chequer-office, moneys repaid by public ac- 
countants, &c. 
REVERBERATION, in physics, the act 
of a body repelling or reflecting another 
after its impinging an it. 
REVERBERATORY, or Reverberat- 
ing FURNACE. See f URN ACE, Voi. I. p. 
792, 2d column. 
REVERSE of a medal, coin, Sec. denotes 
the second or back side, in opposition to the 
head or principal figure. See Medals. 
REVERSED, in heraldry, a thing .turned 
backwards, or upside-down. 
REVERSION, in law, is defined to be re- 
turning of lands, & c. into the possession of 
the donor, or his heirs. Reversion, in (he 
law of England, lias two significations ; the 
one of which is an estate left, which continues 
during a particular estate in being; and the 
other is the returning of the land, &c. after 
the particular estate is ended ; and it is fur- 
ther said to be an interest ill lands, -when 
•the possession of it fails ; or where the estate 
which was for a time parted with, returns to 
the grantors, or their heirs. But, according 
to the usual definition of a reversion, it is 
the residue of an estate left in the grantor, 
after a particular estate granted away ceases, 
cont inuing in the grantor of such an estate. 
The difference between a remainder and a 
reversion, consists in this: that the remainder 
may belong to any man except the- gran tor; 
whereas the reversion returns to him who 
■conveyed the lands, & re. 
In order to render the doctrine of rever- 
sions easy, we shall give the following table; 
which shews the present value of one pound, 
(o be received at the end of any number of 
years not exceeding forty ; discounting at 
the rate of five, four, and three per cent, 
compound interest. See Interest. 
Years. 
Value 
at 5 per 
cent. 
Value 
at 4 per 
cent. 
Value 
at 3 per 
cent. 
1 
.9524 
.9615 
.9709 
2 
.9070 
.9245 
.9426 
3 
.8688 
,8898 
.91.51 
4 
.8227 
. 8548 
.8885 
5 
. 7835 
.8219 
.8626 
6 
.7462 
. 7903 
.8375 
•7 
.7107 
.7599 
.8131 
8 
.6768 
,7307 
,7894 
9 
.6446 
.7026 
.7664 
10 
. 6239 
.6756 
.7441 
11 
. 5847 
, 722f 
J2 
,.5568 
,6246 
.7014 
13 
.5303 
,6006 
.6809 
14 
• 5051 
,5775 
,6611 
13 
,4810 
,5353 
.6419 
16 
,4381 
, 5339 
.6282 
17 
,4363 
,3134 
.6050 
18 
.4155 
.4936 
.3874 
19 
,3957 
,4746 
. 5703 
20 
.3769 
.4564 
.5537 
21 
O 
CO 
til 
CO 
.4388 
.5375 
22 
.3418 
,4219 
,5219 
23 
. 3255 
,4057 
.5067 
24 
.3100 
.3901 
.4919 
25 
.2953 
. 3757 
.4776 
26 
.2812 
.3607 
. .4637 
27 
.2678 
.3468 
.4502 
28 
.2551 i 
.3335 
.4371 
29 
.2429 
.3206 
.4243 
30 
.2314 
. 3083 
.4120 
31 
. 220-1 
. 2965) 
.4000 
32 
. 2099 
.2851 
. 3883 
S3 
.1999 
.2741 
.3770 
S4 
. 1903 
,2636 
.3660 
35 
,1813 
.2534 
.3554 
36- 
.1726 
.2437 
.3450 
37 
.1644 
,2343 
.3350 
:0*J 
. 1 566 
.2253 
. 3252 
39 
.1491 
.2166 
.3158 
40 
. 1420 
.2083 
.3066 
The use of the preceding table. — To find 
the present value of any sum to be received 
at the end o: a given term of years, discount- 
ing at the rale of three, four, or five per 
cent, compound interest. Find by the above 
■table the present value of one pound to lie 
received at the end of the given term, which 
multiply by the number of pounds proposed 
(cutting off four figures from the product on 
account of the decimals), then the result will 
be the value sought. For example : the pre- 
sent value of 10,000/. to be received ten 
years hence, and the rate of interest five per 
cent, is equal to .6139 X 10,000—6139-0000 
or 6139/. Again, the present value of 10,000/. 
due in ten years, t]ie rate of interest being 
three per cent, is .7441 x 10,000 —7441/. 
Reversion of series, in algebra, a kind 
of reversed operation of an infinite series. 
REVIEW, in chancery, is used for a bill 
where a cause has been heard, and a decree 
thereon signed ; but some error in law ap- 
pearing upon the decree, or new matter 
being discovered after it was made, this bill 
is given for a fresh examination into the me- 
rits of the cause. 
Review, in war, is the appearance of an 
army, or part of an army, in order of battle, 
and their being viewed by the ' general, that 
fie may know the condition of the troops. 
Review, is also the name of one kind of 
periodical publications, now too much prosti- 
tuted (under the shelter of anonymous criti- 
cism) to the purposes of the malice of rival 
authors, and the petty artifice of interested 
booksellers. 
REVISE, among printers, a second or 
third proof of a sheet to be printed ; taken 
off in order to be compared with the last 
proof, to see whether all the mistakes mark- 
ed in it are actually corrected. 
REVIVOR, bill of \ in chancery, is a bill 
for reviving a cause, where either of the par- 
ties dies alter the bill and answer, and before 
the cause is heard ; or if heard, before the 
decree is inrolled: in which case this bill 
must be brought, praying that the former 
proceeding may stand revived, and be put 
upon the same "footing as at the time of the 
abatement, 
REVOCATION, in law, signifies the re-, 
calling, or annulling and making void, 
some power, grant, deed, &c. made be- 
fore. 
RHACHITIS, See Medicine, 
