S H I 
S H I 
S H I 
655 
gelher with all the writs,) precisely, by view 
and indenture between the two sheriffs, where- 
in must be comprehended all the actions 
which the old sheriff has against every pri- 
soner, though the executions are of record. 
And till the delivery of the prisoners to the 
new sheriff, they remain in the custody of 
the old sheriff, notwithstanding the letters 
patent of appointment, the writ of discharge, 
and the writ of delivery. Neither is the new 
sheriff obliged to receive the prisoners, but 
at the gaol. But the office of the old sheriff 
ceases, when the writ of discharge is brought 
to him. Wood, b. 1. c. 7. 
By 3 Geo. I. c. 15. it shall not be lawful 
for any person to buy, sell, let, or take to 
farm, the office of uncler-sheriff, or deputy- 
sheriff, or seal-keeper, county-clerk, shire- 
clerk, gaoler, bailiff, or any other office per- 
taining to the office of high sheriff, or to con- 
tract for any of the said offices, on forfeiture 
of 500/. one moiety to his majesty, the other 
to such as shall sue in any court at West- 
minster, within two years after the offence. 
Provided that nothing in this act shall 
hinder any high sheriff from constituting an 
under-sheriff, or deputy-sheriff, as by law he 
may ; nor to hinder the under-sheriff in any 
case of the high sheriff's death, when he acts 
as high sheriff, from constituting a deputy ; 
nor to hinder such sheriff, or under-sheriff, 
from receiving the lawful perquisites of his 
office, or from taking security for the due an- 
swering the same ; nor to hinder such sheriff, 
or under-sheriff, deputy-sheriff, seal-keeper, 
&c. from accounting to the high sheriff for 
all such lawful fees as shall be by them taken, 
nor from giving security so to do; or to hinder 
the high sheriff from allowing a salary to his 
under-sheriff, &c. or other officers. 
And if any sheriff shall die before the ex- 
piration of liis year, or before he is super- 
seded, the under-sheriff shall nevertheless 
continue in his office, and execute the same 
in the name of the deceased, till another 
sheriff is appointed and sworn ; and the under- 
sheriff shall be answerable for the execution 
•of the office during such interval as the high 
sheriff would have been ; and the security 
given by the under-sheriff and his pledges 
shall stand a security to the king, and all 
persons whatsoever, for the performing his 
office during such interval. Id. 
SHIELD, an antient weapon of defence, 
in the form of a light buckler, borne on the 
arm, to turn off lances, darts, &c. 
Shield, in heraldry, the escutcheon or 
field on which the bearings of coats of arms 
are placed. 
SHILLING, an English silver coin. See 
the article Coin. 
It is observed that there were no shillings 
or twelve-penny pieces in England till the 
year 1504, when they were first coined by 
Henry VIII. 
SHINGLES, in building, small pieces of 
wood, or quartered oaken boards, sawn to a 
certain scantling, or, as is more usual, cleft 
to about an inch thick at one end, and made 
like wedges, four or five inches broad, and 
eight or nine inches long. 
Shingles are also used instead of tiles or 
slates, especially for churches and steeples ; 
however this covering is dear; yet where 
tiles are very scarce, and a light covering is 
required, it is preferable to thatch ; and where 
they are made of good oak, cleft, and not 
sawed, and well seasoned in water and the 
sun, they make a sure, light, and durable co- 
vering. The building is first to be covered 
all over with boards, and the shingles nailed 
upon them. 
SHIP, a general name for all large vessels, 
particularly those equipped with three masts 
and a bowsprit ; the masts being composed 
of a lower-mast, top-mast, and top-gal!ant- 
mast: each of these being provided with 
yards, sails, &c. Ships, in general, are either 
employed for war or merchandize. 
Ships of zuar are vessels properly equip- 
ped with artillery, ammunition, and all the 
necessary martial weapons and instruments 
for attack or defence. They are distinguish- 
ed from each other by their several ranks or 
classes, called rates, as follows : ships of the 
first rate mount from 100 guns to 110 guns 
and upwards ; second rate, from 90 to 98 
guns ; third rate, from 64 to 74 guns ; fourth 
rate, from 50 to 60 guns; fifth rate, from 32 
to 44 guns ; and sixth rate, from 20 to 28 
guns. Vessels carrying less than 20 guns 
are denominated sloops, cutters, fire-ships, 
and bombs. 
In Plate I. Ship-building, fig, 1 I , is the re- 
presentation of a first-rate, with rigging. See. 
the several parts of which are as tollow : 
Parts of the hull. 
A The cat head 
F The hause-holes 
B The fore chain wales G The poop-lantern 
or chains 
H The ch ess- trees 
C The main-chains 
I The head 
D The mizen-chains 
E The entering port 
K The stern 
1 The bowsprit 
36 Preventer-stay and 
2 Yard and sail 
laniard 
3 Gammoning 
37 Woodling of the 
4 Manrop 
mast 
5 Bobstay 
38 Fore -yard and sail 
6 Spvitsa.il sheets 
7 Pendants 
39 Horses 
40 Top 
8 Braces and pen- 
4t Crow-foot 
dants 
42 Jeers 
9 Halliards 
43 Yard-tackles 
10 Lifts 
44 Lifts 
11 Clew-lines 
45 Braces and pen- 
12 Spritsail horses 
dants 
13 Buntlines 
46 Sheets 
14 Standing-lifts 
47 Foretacks 
15 Bowsprit-shroud 
4S Bow-lines and bri- 
16 Jib-boom 
dles 
17 Jibstay and sail 
49 Fore buntlines 
18 Halliards 
50 Fore leech-lines 
19 Sheets 
51 Preventer-brace 
20 Horses 
52 Futtock-shrouds 
21 Jib-guy 
53 Foretop-mast 
22 Spritsail-topsail 
54 Shrouds and lani- 
yard 
ards 
23 Horses 
55 Fore-top-sail yard 
24 Sheets 
and sail 
25 Lifts 
56 Stay and sail 
26 Braces and pen- 
57 Runner 
dants 
58 Back-stays 
27 Cap of bowsprit 
59 Halliards 
28 Jack-staff 
60 Lists 
29 Truck 
61 Braces and pen- 
30 Jack flag 
dants 
3 1 Fore-m 1 st 
62 Horses 
32 Runner and tackle 63 Clew-lines 
33 Shrowds 
64jBow-lines and bri- 
34 Laniards 
dles 
35 Stay and laniard 
65 Reef- tackles 
66 Sheets 
67 .Buutlines 
68 Cross-trees 
69 Cap 
70 Foretop-gallant- 
mast 
71 Shrouds 
72 Yard and sail 
73 Backstays 
74 Stay 
75 Lifts 
76 Clew-lines 
77 Braces and pen- 
dants 
78 Bow-lines and bri- 
dles 
79 Flag-staff 
80 Truck 
81 Flagst ay-staff 
82 Flag of the lord 
high admiral 
83 Mainmast 
84 Shrouds 
85 Laniards 
86 "Runner and tackle 
87 Futtock -shrouds 
88 Top-lantern 
89 Crank of ditto 
90 Stay 
91 Preventer stay 
92 Stay-tackles 
93 "W codling of the 
mast 
94 Jeers 
95 Yard-tackles 
96 Lifts 
97 Braces and pen- 
dants 
98 Horses 
99 Sheets 
100 Tacks 
101 Bowlines and bri- 
dles 
102 Crow-foot 
103 Cap 
104 Top 
105 Buntlines 
106 Leech-lines 
107 Yard and sail 
1 08 Main-topmast 
109 Shrouds and lani- 
ards 
1 10 Yard and sail 
111 Futtock shrouds 
1 12 Backstays 
113 Slay 
1 14 Staysail and hal- 
liards 
115 Tye 
116 Halliards 
117 Lifts 
118 Clew-lines 
119 Braces and pen- 
dants 
120 Horses 
121 Sheets 
122 Bowlines and bri 
dies 
123 Buntlines 
124 Reef-tackles 
125 Cross-trees 
126 Cap 
127 Maintop-gallant- 
mast 
123 Shrouds and lani- 
ards 
129 Yard and sail- 
130 Backstay 
131 Stay 
132 Stay -sail and hal- 
liards 
133 Lilts 
134 Braces and pen- 
dants 
135 Bowlines and bri- 
dles 
136 Clew-lines 
137 Flagstaff 
138 Truck 
139 Flagstaff-stay 
140 Flag standard 
] 4 1 Mizen-mast 
142 Shrouds and lani- 
ards 
143 Cap 
144 Yard and sail 
145 Block for signal 
halliards 
146 Sheet 
147 Pendant-lines 
148 Peck-brails 
1 49 Staysail 
150 Stay 
1 5 1 Derrick and span? 
152 Top 
153 Cross-jack yards 
154 Gross-jack lifts 
155 Cross-jack braces 
156 Cross-jack slings 
157 Mizen-t op-mast 
158 Shrouds and lani- 
ards 
1 59 Yard and sail 
160 Backstays 
161 Stay 
162 Halliards 
163 Lifts 
164 Braces and pen- 
dants 
165 Bowlines and bri- 
dles 
166 Sheets 
167 Clew-lines 
16,8 Staysail 
■ 169 Cross-trees 
170 Cap 
171 Flagstaff 
172 Flagstaff-stay 
173 Truck 
174 Flag, union 
■175 Ensign staff 
176 Truck 
177 Ensign 
"178 Stern ladder 
- 179 Bower cable. 
Ships of war are fitted out either at the 
expence of the state or by individuals. Those 
fitted out at the public expence are called 
king’s ships, and are divided into ships of the 
line, frigates, sloops, &x. Ships of war fitted 
out by individuals are called privateers. 
Ship, hospital, a vessel fitted up to attend 
on a fleet of men of war, and receive their 
